America At War Road to World War II American Home Front

America Chooses Neutrality

Objectives Who were the major countries that represented the Axis and Allies during WWII? How did America begin to show favor toward the Allies in the beginning of WWII? Terms Cash and Carry Policy Lend Lease Policy

Who were our friends in WWII? Who were our enemies in WWII?

Allies v. Axis Powers Allies – Great Britain – France – Soviet Union – U.S. (after 12/1941) – Plus many smaller European nations Axis Powers – Germany – Italy – Japan

America Chooses Neutrality Stage 1- Cash and Carry – America would sell goods to warring countries – They must pay in “CASH” and transport the cargo “CARRY” themselves

America Begins Showing Favor Stage 2- Lend and Lease – America could aid any country vital to the USA Mainly Great Britain and USSR Stage 3- Embargo – America stopped trading vital resources with Axis Powers Oil, Scrape Iron, Steel

Objectives Who were the major countries that represented the Axis and Allies during WWII? – Axis Germany Italy Japan – Allies Great Britain France Soviet Union How did America begin to show favor toward the Allies in the beginning of WWII? – 1 st America traded with Everyone(Cash Carry) – 2 nd Mainly Allies(Lend Lease) – 3 rd Only Allies (Embargo) Terms Cash and Carry Policy – USA trades to everyone – No loans/No delivery Lend Lease Policy – USA trade mainly with Allies – Yes to Loans/Yes to delivery

Pearl Harbor

Objectives Why did the Japanese attack America at Pearl Harbor? How did Pearl Harbor drag America into WWII? Terms – Sleeping Giant

????? Why did the Japanese attack us at Pearl Harbor? A. We stopped trading with them B. They wanted Hawaii C. We stopped letting Asians immigrant into the USA D. We accidently sank a ship with Japanese civilians

????? Why did the Japanese attack us at Pearl Harbor? A. We stopped trading with them B. They wanted Hawaii C. We stopped letting Asians immigrant into the USA D. We accidently sank a ship with Japanese civilians

Pearl Harbor Phase 1 – 1 st -Japan Invades Northern China – 2 nd -American stopped trading Scrap Iron/Steel Phase 2 – 3 rd Japan Invaded the Southeast Asia – 4 th America stopped trading Oil

Pearl Harbor Phase 3 – 5 th Japan wanted to invade Pacific Islands – What was America going to do NEXT???? Pearl Harbor – Japanese Solution – Attack them before they attack us

Pearl Harbor  The DAY  It was a Sunday morning  U.S. military was taken off guard  2 full blown attacks on Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941 Impact/Damage on U.S. o 2,400 U.S. military and civilians lost their lives o 1,178 U.S. military and civilians wounded o 18 ships and 350 planes sunk or damaged

Could it have been worse? YES Japan failed to launch its 3 rd wave of fighters Japan failed to sink the U.S. Carriers – They were gone running drills

The SPARK Some Japanese viewed it as a stunning victory Some did not – “I think we have woke a sleeping Giant” December 8, 1941, U.S. declares war on Japan December 11, 1941, Germany and Italy declare war on U.S. A Date that will live in Infamy

Why did the USA enter WWII? Axis Powers Declare War on the USA Military Support of Allies Lend-Lease Act Pearl Harbor Japanese Sneak attack on American Military base US Embargo USA stops selling goods to Japan in protest of their expansion

Pearl Harbor Objectives Why did the Japanese attack America at Pearl Harbor? – Japanese wished to expand their territory – America stopped trading with Japan to stop expansion – Japan feared America would eventually use their military How did Pearl Harbor drag America into WWII? – Japan declared war on America – Japan’s allies later declared war on America Terms – Sleeping Giant Refers to America joining the War Refers to American industrial/military power

End of Day One Pearl Harbor Clip- 10 mins.

America Enters the War Home front

Enlistment

Objectives What were two popular methods the US Military acquired soldiers during WWII? Terms – Selective Service Act 1940

What are two ways to find workers for a class fundraiser?

AMERICANS RUSH TO ENLIST The Selective Service Act 1940 – Expanded the draft – All men aged 18 to 45 were eligible for military service, – Provided an additional 10 million soldiers Volunteers – After Pearl Harbor – 5 million Americans enlisted to fight in the war

ALL AMERICANS FOUGHT Despite discrimination at home, minority populations contributed to the war effort 1,000,000 African Americans served in the military 300,000 Mexican- Americans 33,000 Japanese Americans 25,000 Native Americans 13,000 Chinese Americans

Enlistment Objectives What were two popular methods the US Military acquired soldiers during WWII? – Volunteers- 5 million – Draft -10 million Terms – Selective Service Act 1940 Forced American to register for the draft Must be 18 yrs old

Sleeping Giant Awakes

If GKN made war material what would they make?

Sleeping Giant Awakes Objectives What were two popular methods the US Military acquired soldiers during WWII? What effect did WWII have on the American Economy? Terms Manhattan Project War Production Board

MOBILIZATION OF SCIENTISTS Focus was on: – radar – sonar to locate submarines – penicillin “Manhattan Project” – Building of the Atomic Bomb In 1941, FDR created the Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD)

A PRODUCTION MIRACLE Americans converted their auto industry into a war industry The WPB decided- War Production Board – Which companies would convert to wartime production – How to best allocate raw materials to those industries

END OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION Farmers too benefited as production doubled and income tripled Unemployment fell to only 1.2% by 1944 and wages rose 35%

Sleeping Giant Awakes Objectives What effect did WWII have on the American Economy? – It increased produce – Created Jobs – Ended the Great Depression Terms Manhattan Project – Building of the Atomic Bomb War Production Board – Government organization – Transformed industries from producing “consumer goods” to “military goods”

Women Join The War Rosie the Riveter

Women in the War Objectives What were the two major ways women contributed to the war effort during WWII? Terms – “Rosie the Riveter” WAAC

If a woman can’t be a soldier, how can they help the war effort?

Women in WWII “Rosie the Riveter” – icon of women worker – Women told it was their patriotic duty to work Women Working – Huge demand for labor – Wartime production Over 6 million women entered the workforce

WOMEN JOIN THE FIGHT Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC) – Under this program women worked in non-combat roles Nurses Typists Ambulance drivers Radio operators Pilots

American Women During WWII “If you can drive a car, you can run a machine.” “Why do we need women workers? You can’t build ships, planes, and guns without them.”

Women in the War Objectives What were the two major ways women contributed to the war effort during WWII? – Joined the workforce in war industries – Did “non-combat” jobs Terms – “Rosie the Riveter” Icon of USA women worker WAAC – Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps

DON'T WASTE Save

Don't Waste Objectives What was the two main purposes of OPA? How did the Federal Government control inflation during WWII? Terms – OPA – Inflation

COLLECTION DRIVES Organized nationwide drives – Collect scrap iron, tin cans, paper, rags and cooking fat for recycling OPA – The Office of Price Administration – Purpose of OPA Set up a system of rationing Households had set allocations of scarce goods – gas, meat, shoes, sugar, coffee

Restrictions on Buying – Ration coupons- Only buy so much a week – “Victory Gardens” Combat the food shortages.

USA Enters WWII Inflation out of Control INFLATION – PRICE OF GOODS INCREASE – Value of Money Decreases 1940s- Inflation on the Rise

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT TAKES CONTROL OF INFLATION FDR reaction – Price freezes Price for certain goods could not rise 1942 Buy War Bond (3%) 1952 Sell Bond x 3% = x 10 yrs= FDR reaction – War Bonds Saving Bonds for average people – Money goes to Government Two out of every three Americans bought War Bonds Interest rate 3 % Matured in 10 yrs

Don't Waste Objectives What was the two main purposes of OPA? Set up a system of rationing – Organized nationwide drives How did the Federal Government control inflation during WWII? – Price freezes Price for certain goods could not rise – War Bonds Savings bonds Money goes to government Terms – OPA The Office of Price Administration – Inflation PRICE OF GOODS INCREASE

Keep it Quiet Don’t talk- Spies are around

“Loose Lips Sinks Ships” Campaign to prevent spies from hearing military information

How could talking help the enemy? SKIP THE FIRST PART OF VIDEO- BAD LANGUAGE!!!! Loose Lips Sink Ships Video

Bonus Material Japanese Concentration Camps

INTERNMENT OF JAPANESE AMERICANS When the war began, 120,000 Japanese Americans lived in the U.S. – mostly on the West Coast After Pearl Harbor, many people were suspicious of possible spy activity by Japanese Americans In 1942, FDR ordered Japanese Americans into 10 relocation centers Japanese Americans felt the sting of discrimination during WWII

Location of the 10 Internment camps

Jerome camp in Arkansas

U.S. PAYS REPARATIONS TO JAPANESE In the late 1980s, President Reagan signed into law a bill that provided $20,000 to every Japanese American sent to a relocation camp The checks were sent out in 1990 along with a note from President Bush saying, “We can never fully right the wrongs of the past... we now recognize that serious wrongs were done to Japanese Americans during WWII.” Today the U.S. is home to more than 1,000,000 Japanese-Americans