WORLD WAR I

Causes of World War I  MILITARISM – creation of large powerful militaries and stockpiling weapons  ALLIANCE SYSTEM – nations pledge to protect and support each other  IMPERIALISM – when a stronger nation takes over a weaker nation (to gain $, power, respect)  NATIONALISM – pride or love for one’s nation

THE ASSASSINATION OF THE ARCHDUKE Shot Rings Throughout Europe Shot Rings Throughout Europe

 Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie The Spark of World War I

The Assassin- The Assassin- Gavrilo Princip

Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia… Little do they know Allies are waiting in the wings Propaganda like this was recruiting allied soldiers

No smiling and relaxed faces… No clean uniforms… Their equipment is scattered everywhere… Boredom and sleep are obvious…

The soldiers had very little decent food, and what food they had was often attacked by rats. These rats were the size of small rabbits and cats because they had fed on the decomposing bodies of dead soldiers.

Life in the trenches  Millions of rats! (~900 offspring a year)  Brown rats ate human remains  Grew to the size of cats  Lice  Leads to trench fever  Trench foot (fungal infection)  Cold, wet, blood, urine, vomit, feces  Smell  Rotting bodies, gas, feet, etc.  “No man’s land”

No Man’s Land The area between trenches of opposing armies Covered with barbed wire, mines, and fallen soldiers

British tank, German machine gun, & Australian anti-aircraft gun

Aircraft

Poisonous Gas  This war was also the first to use chlorine and mustard gas. The German army was the first to use chlorine in  French soldiers had not come across this before and assumed that it was a smoke screen. It has a distinctive smell – a mixture of pepper and pineapple – and they only realized they were being gassed when they started to have chest pains and a burning sensation in their throats!  Death is painful – you suffocate.

British soldier wearing gas mask

The effects of mustard gas

German U-Boats

U-Boats The U-boat campaign can be broken into two distinct phases. The first was aimed at allied surface warships; The second, and ultimately more successful, was targeted towards allied shipping - using the U-boat as a tool to enforce an embargo. The U-boat campaign can be broken into two distinct phases. The first was aimed at allied surface warships; The second, and ultimately more successful, was targeted towards allied shipping - using the U-boat as a tool to enforce an embargo.

Ruins of France

Ruined church at Montfaicon

Stone bridge blown up by Belgians

Death, Recovery of Bodies, & Burial

CASUALTIES GRAND TOTAL- 37 million  8.5 M killed –21 M wounded 7.7 MIA Top losers  Russia Million Casualties  Germany 7.1 M  Austria 7 M (90% of men mobilized)  France 6.1 M

Effects of WW1  ALLIES WIN!!!  Every continent but Antarctica involved  “Total War”  20 million deaths (+21 million wounded)  $338 billion  Women  Factories, offices, shops, hospitals, etc.  Treaty of Versailles  League of Nations

Results of World War I Political Cost Political Cost Economic Cost Economic Cost Treaty of Versailles Treaty of Versailles Making Peace Making Peace