Chapter 14 Pictures

Today – Announcements.

19 th Century Blending Theory

Gregor Mendel

Blending Theory vs. Particulate Theory Chromosome 1 Fig 14.4

Table 14.1: Traits found in Mendel’s Peas

Figure 14.2 Mendel’s crosses

Fig 14.6: Genotype vs. Phenotype

Hybrids/Heterozygous (Ss) True breeding Hybrids

Phenotypes Physical Differences Molecular Differences Behavioral Differences

Question 14.1

Alleles Segregate during gamete production

Fig14.3 Parental Cross Outcome = All F 1 have Purple flowers

Genotypes, Phenotypes, Gametes, and Punnett Squares X P P p p pp Where p = white allele For flower color PP Where P = Purple allele For flower color P Generation: Possible gametes: Egg Pollen

P P p p PPPP pppp F 1 generation Genotype= All P p (Heterozygous or hybrid) Phenotype = All Purple flowers (Parentals)

Fig14.3 First Filial Generation allowed to Self-pollinate Outcome = F 2 have phenotypic ratio of 3 purple: 1 white

P P p p PPPP pppp F2 generation Genotype= 1 PP:2 P p: 1 pp Phenotype = 3 purple: 1 white F1F1 F1F1

TEST CROSS Phenotype = Dominant Genotype = Unknown YY or Yy yy Y= Yellow seed y = green seed

Y y y F1 generation Phenotypic Ratio = 1 yellow: 1 green TEST CROSS Genotype of Test Plant = Y y (heterozygote) ? y

Alleles for two genes on different chromosomes: seed color and seed shape (1) Seed Color Yellow (Y) Green (y) (R) (r) (2) Seed Shape

Fig 14.8 Dihybrid Cross Gametes YR YR X Gametes yr yr YR yr YyRr All YyRr In the F 1 generation

Independent Assortment in Gametes YyRr

Fig 14.8 Dihybrid Cross YyRr x YyRr (F1 self-pollination) 9:3:3:1 Phenotype (not genotype)

Multiplication Rule YyRr x YyRr Y y Y y YY Yy yy R r Rr RR Rr rr

Cystic Fibrosis

Huntington’s Disease

Question 14.5 & 14.6

M and N Glycoproteins on RBC MN M N M M N N N N N N N N M M M M M M NN MM

Fig 14.10

I A is dominant to i I B is dominant to i I A and I B are codominant

Question 14.7

Pleiotropy

= aabb = Aabb; aaBb = AAbb; aaBB; AaBb = AABb; AaBB =AABB

Is Hair Color Multifactorial?

Amniocentesis and CVS

PKU