Day 33 Notes (Chapter 7) Chemical Quantities (The Mole)

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Presentation transcript:

Day 33 Notes (Chapter 7) Chemical Quantities (The Mole)

Amedeo Avogadro Hypothesis: Equal volumes of different gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of particles. Amadeo Avogadro H 2 hydrogen CH 4 methane

Avogadro’s Number 6.02 x is called “Avogadro’s Number” in honor of the Italian chemist Amedeo Avogadro ( ). Amadeo Avogadro I didn’t discover it. Its just named after me!

Molar Mass = Mass of 1 mole. Type of compoundUnitsMeaning Ionic Compound (Cation + anion) (metal w/ nonmetals) gfmgram formula mass Molecular Compounds (nonmetal groupings) gmm gram molecular mass Atoms (elements by themselves) gamgram atomic mass Molar Mass (general meaning) g/molgrams/mole

The Mole 1 dozen = 1 gross = 1 ream = 1 mole = x mole Carbon = g Carbon 6 C mole Carbon = 6.02 x atoms C Molar Mass

The mass in grams of 1 mole of a substance. 1 H mole H = 1.01 g H

Calculating Molar Mass Ammonium Chloride g =53.50 g NH 4 Cl g x g x g g g x 1 7 N H Cl 35.45

Calculating Molar Mass Aluminum nitrate g) = = g Al(NO 3 ) g x g x g (14.01 g g x g Al N O 16.00

Alternate method Aluminum nitrate g = g Al(NO 3 ) g x g x g g g x 9 13 Al N O 16.00

20 Ca O H 1.01 Calculating Molar Mass Calcium hydroxide = 74.1 g = g Ca(OH) g x g g g x g

12 Mg P O Calculating Molar Mass Magnesium phosphate g) = = g Mg 3 (PO 4 ) g x g x g (30.97 g g x 4 x g

12 Mg P O Calculating Molar Mass Magnesium phosphate (Alternate Method) g = g Mg 3 (PO 4 ) g x g x g g g x 8

Calculating Molar Mass Dinitrogen tetroxide g N2O4N2O4N2O4N2O g x g x g g = 7 N O 16.00

Calculating Molar Mass Phosphorus pentachloride g PCl g x g x g g = 15 P Cl 35.45

Calculating Molar Mass Nitrogen monoxide = g NO g g 7 N O 16.00

Calculating Molar Mass Carbon tetrachloride g CCl g x g x g g = 6 C Cl 35.45

Calculating Chemical Quantities Converting from moles to: massvolume representative particles

The Mole (Quantities) 1 mole = atoms molecules formula units Molar mass Molar mass (periodic table) 22.4 L for a 6.02 x (elements) (nonmetals) (cation-anion) Mass: Volume: Representative Particles:

1. Convert 3.00 moles of ammonia, NH 3, to grams of ammonia.

1 mole NH 3 = ?? g NH 3 Conversion factor: 3.00 mol NH 3 x= g NH 3 You have to find molar mass. (Use Periodic Table) mol NH 3 g NH 3

17.04 g NH g NH 3 NH g 1.01 g x g g g = x 1 Molar mass of ammonia. 7 N H mole NH 3 = g NH 3

1. Convert 3.00 moles of ammonia, NH 3, to grams of ammonia. 1 mole NH 3 = g NH 3 Conversion factor: 3.00 mol NH 3 x= g NH 3 mol NH 3 g NH 3 NH x 1 x g g = g/mol On calculator: 3.00 x = Round to 3 sig. figs g NH 3

Ch. 7 (Calculating Chemical Quantities) g NH 3 1 mol NH x 1 x g g = g/mol 1. = 51.1 g NH 3

2.How many molecules of carbon dioxide are in 2.00 moles of CO 2 ?

2.How many molecules of carbon dioxide are in 2.00 moles of CO 2 ? 1 mole CO 2 = 6.02 x molecules CO 2 Conversion factor: 2.00 mol CO 2 x= molec. CO 2 1 mole = 6.02 x representative particles CO 2 is made of all nonmetals so rep. particles are “molecules” mol CO 2 molec. CO 2

2.How many molecules of carbon dioxide are in 2.00 moles of CO 2 ? 1 mole CO 2 = 6.02 x molecules CO 2 Conversion factor: 2.00 mol CO 2 x= molec. CO 2 mol CO 2 molec. CO x On calculator: 2.00 x (6.02 x ) = x Round to 3 sig. figs x molec. CO 2

Ch. 7 (Calculating Chemical Quantities) x molec. CO g NH 3 1 mol NH x 1 x g g = g/mol 1. = 51.1 g NH 3

3.How many moles of oxygen are in 44.8 L of oxygen, O 2 ? 1 mole O 2 = 22.4 L O 2 Conversion factor: 44.8 L O 2 x= moles O 2 1 mole = 22.4 L (for any STP) L O 2 mol O On calculator: 44.8 ÷ 22.4 = 2 Show to 3 sig. figs moles O 2

Ch. 7 (Calculating Chemical Quantities) 2.00 mol O x molec. CO g NH 3 1 mol NH x 1 x g g = g/mol 1. = 51.1 g NH 3

4. How many grams of lithium are in 3.50 moles of lithium? 1 mole Li = g Li Conversion factor: 3.50 mol Li x= g Li mol Li g Li On calculator: 3.50 x 6.94 = Round to 3 sig. figs g Li

5. How many moles of lithium are in 18.2 grams of lithium? 1 mole Li = g Li Conversion factor: 18.2 g Li x= mol Li g Li mol Li On calculator: 18.2 ÷ 6.94 = Round to 3 sig. figs mol Li

Representative Particles: Using Avogadro’s Number 6. How many atoms of lithium are in 3.50 moles of lithium? 3.50 mol Li = atoms Li 1 mol Li 6.02 x atoms Li 2.11 x Use 6.02 x when looking for atoms, molecules, or formula units x

Representative Particles: Two-part problem 7. How many atoms of lithium are in 18.2 g of lithium? 18.2 g Li = atoms Li 1 mol Li 6.02 x atoms Li 1.58 x g Li1 mol Li (18.2)/6.94 x (6.02 x ) x x

The Mole (Quantities) 1 mole = atoms molecules formula units Molar mass Molar mass (periodic table) 22.4 L for a 6.02 x (elements) (nonmetals) (cation-anion) Mass: Volume: Representative Particles: