DIALECTOLOGY

Dialectology Older term Focus was on geographical differences “Dialect” has negative connotation “Variety” is more neutral

DIALECTOLOGY Sociolinguistics Focuses on variation within same geographical area Register, style Effect of age, education, gender, social class Language policy, political influences, bilingualism

How do you get data? Describe an item; elicit the term What do you call the thing that you drive to the store? Label an item actually in the situation What do you call that thing you’re sitting on? Fill in the blank When you’re skin turns yellow, you’re getting ___ Request a list What kind of snakes live around here?

How do you get data? Construct reasonable question frames that would enable a field worker to elicit the form without using the word in the question. Phonology: The production of the vowel in tin and ten Lexis: The use of ATM / bank machine / cash machine Morphosyntax: The use of indefinite forms in negative statements (e.g., He didn’t go anywhere / nowhere.)

Southern Vocabulary WordMeaningProcess(es) airishchilly, coolderivation, figurative baldtreeless mountain topbroadening backseta reversalcompound offshorecrazymeaning shift cokepop/sodaproper name voodooreligion; magicborrowing; Africa okra, gumbo, yamfoodsborrowing; Africa (hominy) grits, pone foodsborrowing; Native American

Northeastern Vocabulary WhereTermMeaning New Englandfrankfurt, hamburghot dog, hamburger Massachusettstoniccarbonted soft drink Coastal New Englandtempest, nor-easterstorms New Englandrock maplesugar maple tree New England/New Yorkcow corn, snap-the-whipfield corn, crack-the-whip New England/ the Southpiazzacovered porch New York Hudson Valleystoopsmall porch New York/w New Englandbrush broomwhisk broom New Yorkthroughwayhighway

GREAT BRITAIN

English Dialects Tour of England

NORTH AMERICA

WHAT DOES THIS TELL YOU?

DIALECTS HAPPEN BECAUSE OF CONTACT Who is friends with who on Facebook? How does this match up with dialect areas?

DIALECTS HAPPEN BECAUCE OF SETTLERS

WHAT IS INTERESTING HERE?

DIALECT SURVEY Bert Vaux Joshua Katz, a statistician mapped these data

NORTH AMERICAN DIALECTS Where is this speaker from? American English is easy to understand, right?

BRITISH ACCENTS The voices

WORLD ENGLISH DIALECTS International dialects of English archive The audio archive Speech accent archive Worldwide accents of English Canadian English Australian vocabulary South African English US/UK vocabulary differences

LANGUAGE ATTITUDES Where do people speak correct English (according to Michiganers)

LANGUAGE ATTITUDES Where do people speak correct English (according to Alabamans)

LANGUAGE ATTITUDES Where do people speak pleasant English (according to Alabamans)