SARS Severe acute respiratory syndrome

History Outbreak in south China. Spread to other countries and regions. Identification of virus. Containment. The areas affected by SARS

Outbreak in south China The first clue of the outbreak appears to be 27 November 2002 when Canada's Global Public Health Intelligence Network (GPHIN),picked up reports of a "flu outbreak" in China through Internet media monitoring and analysis and sent them to the WHO. Subsequent to this, the WHO requested information from Chinese authorities on 5 and 11 December. In early April, after Jiang Yanyong pushed to report the danger to China, there appeared to be a change in official policy when SARS began to receive a much greater prominence in the official media.

Spread to other countries and regions Local transmission of SARS took place in Toronto, Ottawa, San Francisco, Ulaanbaatar, Manila, Singapore, Taiwan, Hanoi and Hong Kong whereas within China it spread to Guangdong, Jilin, Hebei, Hubei, Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Shanxi, Tianjin, and Inner Mongolia.

Probable cases of SARS by country, 1 November 2002 – 31 July Country or Region CasesDeaths SARS cases dead due to other causes Fatality (%) Fatality (%) Canada China (Mainland) * 5, China (Hong Kong) * 1, China (Macau) * Macau 1000 Taiwan ** Singapore Vietnam63508 United States Philippines Mongolia9000 Kuwait1000 Republic of Ireland 1000 Romania1000 Russian Federation 1000 Spain1000 Switzerland1000 South Korea 4000 Total (*) Figures for the People's Republic of China exclude the Special Administrative Regions (Macau SAR, Hong Kong SAR), which are reported separately by the WHO. (**) Since 11 July 2003, 325 Taiwanese cases have been 'discarded'. Laboratory information was insufficient or incomplete for 135 discarded cases; 101 of these patients died. Source:WHO. [15]

Identification of virus

Containment The World Health Organization declared severe acute respiratory syndrome contained on 9 July In the year after, SARS made the occasional appearance. There were four cases spotted in China in December 2003 and January As well, three separate laboratory accidents resulted in infections; in one case, an ill lab worker spread the virus to several other people. The precise coronavirus that caused SARS is gone or mostly contained within different BSL-4 laboratories for research much like Smallpox, but different coronaviruses remain circulating in the wild, like MERS, the Common Cold and gastroenteritis. coronavirusesMERSCommon ColdgastroenteritiscoronavirusesMERSCommon Coldgastroenteritis

The first discovered place Shunde Foshan Guangdong China

Symptoms Initial symptoms are flu-like and may include fever, myalgia, lethargy symptoms, cough, sore throat, and other nonspecific symptoms. The only symptom common to all patients appears to be a fever above 38 °C (100 °F). Shortness of breath may occur later. The patient has symptoms as with a cold in the first stage, but later on they resemble influenza. SARS may occasionally lead to pneumonia, either direct viral pneumonia or secondary bacterial pneumonia.

Diagnosis Any of the symptoms, including a fever of 38 °C (100 °F) or higher. Contact (sexual or casual, including tattoos) with someone with a diagnosis of SARS within the last 10 days. Travel to any of the regions identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as areas with recent local transmission of SARS (affected regions as of 10 May 2003 were parts of China, Hong Kong, Singapore and the town of Geraldton, Ontario, Canada).World Health Organization

A chest X-ray showing increased opacity in both lungs, indicative of pneumonia, in a patient with SARS. pneumonia A chest X-ray showing increased opacity in both lungs, indicative of pneumonia, in a patient with SARS. pneumonia

Contract SARS is caused by a member of the coronavirus family of viruses (the same family that can cause the common cold). When someone with SARS coughs or sneezes, infected droplets spray into the air. While the spread of droplets through close contact caused most of the early SARS cases, SARS might also spread by hands and other objects the droplets has touched.

Prognosis Several consequent reports from China on some recovered SARS patients showed severe long-time sequelae(complication) exist. sequelae The most typical diseases include, among other things, pulmonary fibrosis, osteoporosis, and femoral necrosis, which have led to the complete loss of working ability or even self-care ability of these cases. pulmonary fibrosisosteoporosisfemoral necrosis As a result, some of the post-SARS patients suffer from major depressive disorder. [12] major depressive disorder

Treatment Antibiotics are ineffective, as SARS is a viral disease. Treatment of SARS is largely supportive with antipyretics, supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilation as needed. Suspected cases of SARS must be isolated, preferably in negative pressure rooms, with complete barrier nursing precautions taken for any necessary contact with these patients. As of 2015, there is no cure or protective vaccine for SARS that is safe for use in humans. The identification and development of novel vaccines and medicines to treat SARS is a priority for governments and public health agencies around the world.

Prevention Hand hygiene is the most important part of SARS prevention. Wash your hands or clean them with an alcohol-based instant hand sanitizer. Cover your mouth and nose when you sneeze or cough. Droplets that are released when a person sneezes or coughs are infectious. DO NOT share food, drink, or utensils. Clean commonly touched surfaces with an EPA-approved disinfectant.

Vaccines (antibiotics) There is no vaccine to date. Annual influenza vaccinations and 5- year pneumococcal vaccinations may be beneficial. But vaccinations only reduce or weaken the severity of SARS infection.

Future I think for now, SARS had been contained. But some felt that SARS could easily return. “ Through world-wide scientific collaboration the medical community has made much process in unraveling its enigma, though much more needs to be discovered. ”

Are we likely to ever cure SARS ? Yes, we are !!! ( hope !!! )

Caro Urbani Italian epidemiologist Carlo Urbani was the first person who identified SARS as a highly contagious disease.

He worked as an infectious disease expert in World Health Organization’s office in the Vietnamese capital, Hanoi, and warned WHO against this deadly disease. As a result of his early warning, millions of lives around the world were saved. But sadly, while treating SARS infected patients, Dr. Urbani became infected with the virus himself, and later on died due to its complications.

He was the first person who documented the transmission of Schistosoma mansoni. Besides being an epidemiologist, Carlo Urbani was a passionate photographer, an expert ultra-light airplane pilot, and a good organist.

Liu jianlun On February 21, Liu Jianlun, a 64-year-old Chinese doctor who had treated cases in Guangdong arrived in Hong Kong to attend a wedding. Although he had developed symptoms on February 15, he felt well enough to travel, shop, and sight-see with his brother-in-law. On February 22, he sought urgent care at the Kwong Wah Hospital and was admitted to the intensive care unit. He died on March 4.

There were 8, 098 confirmed cases of SARS from November 2002 to July 2013, with 774 deaths.

Question 1: What’s the history of SARS ? ( 4 parts ） Question 2: Where was it first discovered ? Question 3: What’s the only symptom common to all patients ?

Question 4: Which vaccinations may be beneficial to SARS patients ? Question 5: Which people related to SARS ( this article mentions ) ? Why ? Question 6: How many people dead ?

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