BLOOD The River of Life

How Much?  liters in an average size adult

COMPONENTS G 1. Plasma G Liquid portion - made mostly of water G Carries hormones, glucose, & plasma proteins G1G1. Plasma GLGLiquid portion - made mostly of water GCGCarries hormones, glucose, & plasma proteins

2. Blood Cells A. Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes) Don’t have a nucleus Disc shaped Red color is due to hemoglobin which carries oxygen. Produced by the bone marrow A. Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes) Don’t have a nucleus Disc shaped Red color is due to hemoglobin which carries oxygen. Produced by the bone marrow

B. White Blood Cells (leukocytes) Have a nucleus Produced by bone marrow Attack foreign substances or organisms Some engulf bacteria Some release chemicals to help fight disease and resist infection

C. Platelets (thrombocytes) Cell fragments that help with clotting

BLOOD TYPES A - has antigen (protein) A on surface B - has antigen B on surface AB - has both antigen A and antigen B O - has no antigens on surface

Rh factor Rh+ : has the protein Rh- : does not have the protein

TRANSFUSIONS Transfusion = transfering the blood of another person to an individual Blood types must match Type O: universal donor because can give to any blood type Type AB: universal recipient because can receive blood from any blood type

Blood Disorders Hemophilia – (inherited) lack a protein so the blood does not clot properly Anemia – (variety of causes) blood does not carry enough oxygen Sickle cell anemia – (inherited) red blood cells shaped like a sickle

Leukemia (a blood cancer) bone marrow makes abnormally shaped white blood cells which crowd out normal blood cells Hemochromatosis (inherited) too much iron builds up in the body which can damage organs

Lymphatic System  Collects and returns fluid that leaks from blood vessels

PARTS Lymph = fluid Lymphatic capillaries: carry lymph back to the superior and inferior vena cava

Lymph nodes: act as filters that trap bacteria and other microorganisms Spleen: destroys damaged red blood cells and platelets, also helps in phagocytosis of foreign invaders

 Tonsils: trap and destroy bacteria that enter the upper respiratory tract  Thymus: T cells (a kind of white blood cell) mature in this gland Secretes a hormone that stimulates the body’s immune system