AIM: What are enzymes and why are they important? DN: What are proteins? What are the building blocks of proteins? Give some examples of proteins.

What role do enzymes play in our bodies? A + BC Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions

Let’s Review Chemical Reactions: A + B C or C A + B Raw Materials Products

What Reaction is this? A + B AB + H 2 O Dehydration SynthesisEnzyme If an enzyme is added to the reaction, then it will speed up the reaction. In other words, we will produce AB more quickly.

What is a Catalyst? Any substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without itself being changed. An enzyme is called an organic catalyst Why are enzymes called organic catalysts? They are PROTEINS that speed up chemical reactions!!

What are some important reactions that enzymes need to speed up? Digestion Synthesis PhotosynthesisCell Respiration

What are Substrates and Active Sites? AB A + B AB Substrates- are the reactants that bind to the enzyme Active Site- is the place on the enzyme where the substrates bind

Think of enzymes and substrates as a lock and key Substrate Enzyme Active Site

Enzyme-Substrate Complex Is formed when the substrate is bound to the enzyme Enzyme Substrate

Enzyme-substrate specificity Enzymes are SPECIFIC (in shape) for the SUBSTRATES they attach to, just like a lock and key.

How do enzymes work? A + B AB ENZYME AB Enzymes bind to the reactants so the chemical reaction can take place

What do you think determines the shape of enzymes? Enzyme 1)The sequence (order) of amino acids in a protein determine its shape 2) The shape of a protein determines its activity

WHAT CHANGES? A-B + H 2 O A + B Enzyme What reaction is this? Hydrolysis The enzyme doesn’t change, it can be reused The substrate changes Hydrolysis- substrate is broken down (ex: carbohydrate to glucose molecules) Dehydration Synthesis- the substrate is made bigger (glucose molecules made into a starch)

Some common enzymes PROTEIN AMINO ACIDS protease Hydrolysis

Can you ID the substrate, product, enzyme, active site, & enzyme substrate complex? Substrate Product Enzyme Active Site Enzyme – Substrate Complex