Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Prof. Eleni Maistrou - NTUA – National Technical University of Athens Educational Toolkit Knowing the built heritage Module 2 Basic Course Teaching Material Topic2.2 Architectural Heritage - Strategic planning for protection

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Prof. Eleni Maistrou - NTUA - National Technical University of Athens Abstract The presentation examines the elements which constitute the architectural heritage. Cultural heritage contains various different values, such as historic, scientific, aesthetic, economic, quality of life, preservation of cultural identity. There are various problems threatening cultural heritage, such as natural ageing, atmospheric pollution, functions of modern cities, natural disasters, human destruction, economic mutations. Protection of historic cities should be encountered along with development planning and upgrading of the quality of life. Additionally, the restoration and reuse should be in compatibility with the historic shell. Protection of historic cities should include documentation and evaluation before the implementation of any intervention. It is important to establish a permanent local organization disposing professional knowledge, combining a continual exchange of ideas with residents. This organization should respect the particular historic, architectural and cultural characteristics of each city. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

Prof. Eleni Maistrou - NTUA - National Technical University of Athens Content Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Table of contents of this presentation What constitutes the architectural heritage The values of cultural heritage Problems and threats Strategic planning for protection Historical buildings - Architectural analysis and evaluation Historical buildings - Conservation projects and evaluation of conservation Protection of historic cities

Prof. Eleni Maistrou – Topic 2.2: Architectural Heritage - Strategic planning for protection Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage What constitutes the architectural heritage  Archaeological sites  Natural elements  Historical buildings  Historic cities and settlements  Fortifications  Traditional architecture  Religious buildings  Industrial heritage  Historic parks and gardens  Architectural heritage of 20th century  Intangible heritage

Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage What constitutes the architectural heritage Historical buildings - Byzantine and neoclassic architecture Prof. Eleni Maistrou – Topic 2.2: Architectural Heritage - Strategic planning for protection

Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage What constitutes the architectural heritage Historic Cities and Settlements – Koroni, Nafplio, Monembassia Prof. Eleni Maistrou – Topic 2.2: Architectural Heritage - Strategic planning for protection

Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage What constitutes the architectural heritage Fortifications and fortified settlements – Astypalaia, Kalymnos, Nafplio Prof. Eleni Maistrou – Topic 2.2: Architectural Heritage - Strategic planning for protection

Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage What constitutes the architectural heritage Modern movement – Architecture of 20 th century Prof. Eleni Maistrou – Topic 2.2: Architectural Heritage - Strategic planning for protection

Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage What constitutes the architectural heritage Natural elements Prof. Eleni Maistrou – Topic 2.2: Architectural Heritage - Strategic planning for protection

Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage The values of cultural heritage  Historic importance, preservation of collective memory  Preservation and promotion of cultural identity  Scientific value  Aesthetic – artistic value  Economic value  Quality of life Prof. Eleni Maistrou – Topic 2.2: Architectural Heritage - Strategic planning for protection

Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Problems and threats  Natural ageing – cost of restoration  Atmospheric pollution  Intense functions of modern cities  Natural disasters  Destruction caused by warfare  Destruction caused by man  Economic mutations – Social and Demographic change Prof. Eleni Maistrou – Topic 2.2: Architectural Heritage - Strategic planning for protection

Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Strategic planning for protection Following the instructions and declarations of international organizations dealing with protection issues (UNESCO, ICOMOS, Council of Europe) heritage protection cannot be encountered separately from development planning. The main objective is acquiring a balance between protection and development and upgrading the quality of life in all cities and villages. Every planning and every intervention should begin with an in-depth familiarization and understanding of the historic importance, value, mutations and current situation in heritage. Prof. Eleni Maistrou – Topic 2.2: Architectural Heritage - Strategic planning for protection

Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Strategic planning for protection Some necessary steps are:  Analyzing and evaluating the current situation  Defining the desired situation and the intervention targets  Organizing the intervention plan  Choosing appropriate implementation measures for the plan  Monitoring the results and improving the plan  Educating, informing and sensitizing the citizens Prof. Eleni Maistrou – Topic 2.2: Architectural Heritage - Strategic planning for protection

Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Strategic planning for protection At the same time, an effort must be made for:  Ensuring the comforts of modern living for inhabitants  Attracting environment-friendly investments  Instituting the necessary legislative context  A constant monitoring of the city  Finding economic resources for financial support  Ensuring human resources  Educating, informing and sensitizing the citizens Prof. Eleni Maistrou – Topic 2.2: Architectural Heritage - Strategic planning for protection

Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Historical buildings Architectural analysis and evaluation The restoration and reuse in compatibility with the historic shell constitute the most important tool for the protection and development of historic cities and villages. The preservation of the successive historic phases of the building under restoration in order for it to acquire a new use, the tolerable degree of intervention on its form and structure as well as the symbolic value of the original use of certain special buildings, are all subjects of special concern upon every intervention. Prof. Eleni Maistrou – Topic 2.2: Architectural Heritage - Strategic planning for protection

Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Historical buildings Conservation projects and evaluation of conservation The basic factors which should be serving as guides for the success of the restoration and the reuse of the historic shells, are the following:  The preservation of the qualities of the shell (historic, cultural, architectural)  The compatibility of the new use with the old one and with the environment  The restoration and reinforcement of the traditional construction system and the use of new compatible materials, when required.  The cost of the intervention in relation to the financial viability of the proposed use. Prof. Eleni Maistrou – Topic 2.2: Architectural Heritage - Strategic planning for protection

Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Protection of historic cities The documentation and evaluation, of historic cities, should precede any kind of intervention for their protection. Various studies should be realized recording their history, the typology of buildings, the characteristics of the urban tissue, the traits of the natural landscape, archaeological data, specific cultural elements, traditional financial activities etc. Historic cities in Mediterranean area, face problems caused by: The over-exploitation of land, which alters the urban form and the great pressures from short- term economically more viable modern functions and intensive activities that deprive their historic functional character and identity Prof. Eleni Maistrou – Topic 2.2: Architectural Heritage - Strategic planning for protection

Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Protection of historic cities Therefore, the key issue is to consciously decided upon and carried out :  The functional character of historic cities and the uses of their individual buildings,  The degree of permitted change relative to the historic character of the area. Measures should be drawn for: Legislative protection of the historic entity including its natural environment, Regulation of vehicular traffic, to improve environmental conditions, Land use restrictions, to encourage the induction of residences and traditional commercial functions, Securing the necessary cultural and social infrastructure and Mobilizing town authorities and residents to issues concerning the management and the compatible development of their town. Prof. Eleni Maistrou – Topic 2.2: Architectural Heritage - Strategic planning for protection

Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Protection of historic cities It is important to establish a permanent local organization disposing professional knowledge that will combine a continual exchange of ideas with residents. The same organization could also promote self-financed development projects that would respect and highlight the particular historic, architectural and cultural characteristics of each city. The act of planning in historic quarters must be the process of managing change in a sensitive and appropriate manner to preserve the character of the locality, while permitting necessary economic change. Prof. Eleni Maistrou – Topic 2.2: Architectural Heritage - Strategic planning for protection