1 Getting Civilized 10,000 – 600 BCE. UNIT ONE

2 Join us for the world tour!

3 STOP! I know what you’re thinking!

4 Farming and civilizations? Where did they come from? I thought we were still I thought we were still hunting and gathering!

5 Today10k years ago 200k yrs ago Paleolithic Age …and changes have always been- Let’s look for a minute at the changes that have already taken place. And still are- part of human history. Units 1-7 Farming and civilizations are the result of CHANGE…

6 Today10k years ago 200k yrs ago Paleolithic Age The Paleolithic Age covers the period from 2,000,000 to 10,000 years ago. Many changes occurred during this period. Shall we do a quick review? quick review? Units 2-7

7 200k yrs ago Human Origins Today10k years ago Paleolithic Age Homo erectus doing lunch Recall that life during the early part of the Paleolithic Age looked something like this.

8 10k years ago 200k yrs ago Human Origins Today Paleolithic Age Units 1-7 Homo sapiens at home 10,000 years ago at the close of the Paleolithic Age, life looked more like this:

9 Homo erectus – 200,000 years ago Homo sapiens – 10,000 years ago Notice any changes? Would you say there were: (c) Lots of changes? (b) Some changes? (a) No changes?

10 If you said there were “(c) Lots of changes,” you were obviously paying attention during Big Era Two. If, on the other hand, you chose “(a) No changes” or “(b) Some changes,” you must have been out with the flu during Big Era Two. (Hope you are feeling better!).

11 Hints So, we will go with “(c) Lots of changes” in Big Era Two, right? Before moving on, jot them down. Americas Are these going to be on the test? Do you recall any of them? Boomerang So, it’s antelope burgers tonight, right?

12 1,000 years agoToday Units ,000 years ago Unit 1 Remember: Changes that occurred by the end of the Paleolithic Age (Beginning of Unit 1) 1.Homo sapiens appear. 2.Language develops. 3.Habitats expand. 4.Technology increases. 5.Wall painting and sculpture are created. End of the Paleolithic Age (Beginning of Unit 1)

13 Keeping those changes in mind, let’s look in mind, let’s look at life all the way at the end of Unit 1, that is, about 600 BCE. 1,000 years ago 10,000 years ago Today Unit 1 Units 2-7Paleolithic Age

14 1,000 years ago 10,000 years ago Today Unit 1 Units 2-7Paleolithic Age

15 Quite a few, Huh? Notice any Differences?

16 Jot down some notes on any changes you observe that have taken place between 10,000 and 600 BCE. HERE? HERE to So, how did we get from…

17 which reflects the DOMESTICATION of… and plants animals 1,000 years agoToday Units ,000 years ago Unit 1 Paleolithic Age One of the major changes is reflected in this frieze on a wall in Mesopotamia (today Iraq) :

18 Have you ‘herd’ about pastoralism? Have you ‘herd’ about pastoralism? Domestication of plants and animals was a monumental change. It resulted in the new way of living we know as FARMING(AGRICULTURE)… 1,000 years agoToday Units ,000 years ago Unit 1 Paleolithic Age …which included both PASTORALISM (herding sheep, goats, cattle, horses, and camels), and…

19 Crop-growing (cultivating domesticated plants), and… 1,000 years agoToday Units ,000 years ago Unit 1 Paleolithic Age

20 the development of… FARMING COMMUNITIES… known as the known as the Agricultural Revolution or Neolithic Revolution 1,000 years agoToday Units ,000 years ago Unit 1 Paleolithic Age

21 Mesoamerica AndesAmazonia Eastern North America New Guinea China Ethiopia WestAfrica Fertile Crescent Between about 12,000 and 1,000 BCE, farming appeared INDEPENDENTLY in a number of places, possibly in all of the places marked in red on the map. 1,000 years agoToday Units ,000 years ago Unit 1 Paleolithic Age Nile valley

22 Prior to farming, population size in any one area was limited by the availability of wild game, grain, berries, seeds, and nuts. Farming and the large, relatively dependable crops it provides allowed for… POPULATION GROWTH That means population increases in certain areas. Population in those areas became both larger and denser.

23 At the same time, farmers in some places were, in spite of population growth, able to produce SURPLUS food. SURPLUS food. What does SURPLUS FOOD PRODUCTION mean for a society?

24 SURPLUS FOOD PRODUCTION… …means that not everyone has to grow food or tend animals. They can take on other tasks. They can specialize in some non- farming task.

25 This is called… Job Specialization. Men and women may become: WeaversWeavers Stone MasonsStone Masons PottersPotters PriestsPriests ScribesScribes TradersTraders Army officersArmy officers

26 So, let’s have a quick review of that last sequence of events.

27 Domestication of Plants and Animals Farming Surplus Food Specialization PopulationIntensification Complex Society, also known as CIVILIZATION 1,000 years agoToday Units ,000 years ago Unit 1 Paleolithic Age

28 Hint, hint! You might want to make a note of these as we go along. Civilizations have a number of elements in common.

29 Civilization Remember it. Write it down. Did you catch that term? Can you define it? Answer: A civilization is a complex society or culture in which large numbers of human share a number of common elements.

30 Elements of civilization include: Mohenjo Daro Hammurabi’s Law Code It’s the law Pharaohs 1) Cities 2) Central governments And Law codes

31 1) Cities 2) Central governments and law codes and law codes Elements of Civilization include: Can you identify the society the societyrepresented by each of these two writing samples? 3) Writing and record keeping 4) Highly organized religions

32 3) Writing and record keeping 4) Highly organized religion Full-time monk Assyrian slaves In Egypt 6) Social Classes 1) Cities 2) Central Governments and law codes Elements of Civilization include:

33 6) Arts & Architecture Chariot 5) Social classes Bronze Sword 3) Writing and record keeping 4) Highly organized religion 1) Cities 2) Central governments and law codes Elements of Civilization include:

34 Can you remember ? Let’s check! Can you list some of the elements of a civilization? Clue: There were 6!

35 Good job, huh? Check your answers below: Good job if your list includes: 1.Cities 2.Central governments and law codes 3.Writing and record-keeping 4. Social classes 5.Arts & architecture 6.Highly organized religions

36 3,000 years ago By 3,000 BCE, societies in Southwest Asia and Egypt were developing elements of complex societies. Are we supposed Are we supposed to be taking notes on this? 1,000 years agoToday Units ,000 years ago Unit 1 Paleolithic Age

37 By the end of Unit 1, about 600 BCE, there were several well-established civilizations in Afroeurasia. There were also two new ones in the Americas. At least two civilizations in Afroeurasia, the Minoan in the Mediterranean region and the Harappan in the Indus River valley had already come and gone.

38 Now, looking back over Unit 1, let’s review the major changes. 1,000 years agoToday Units ,000 years ago Unit 1 Paleolithic Age

39 Domestication of Plants and Animals Farming Surplus Food Specialization PopulationIntensification Complex Society, also known as CIVILIZATION 1,000 years agoToday Units ,000 years ago Unit 1 Paleolithic Age

40 That translates into: FarmersHerdersCities Central governments Armies Monumental buildings Written language Social hierarchies Complex belief systems In 10,000 BCE none of these existed in the world. By 600 BCE they all did.

41. Not only has life changed culturally and technologically, but also the rate of change has accelerated. 10k years ago Art 200k yrs ago Language Paleolithic Age Today Units 2-7 1k years ago Dogs, sheep. goats, horses, wheat, rice, chiles, potatoes—all domesticated Plow farming Law Codes Chariots Temple building Sailing technology Coppersmelting Alphabet Wheel Writing Irrigation Regular trade routes Calendars Pottery Bow & arrow Pyramids Walled cities Letters and envelopes 360-degree circle Unit 1

42 Make a few notes and discuss this question with your teacher and fellow students. What factors do you think might account for this increasing rate of change? You may have noticed that the difference between the rate of change in the Paleolithic Age and in Unit 1 is enormous.

43 Come to think of it, things changed REALLY fast In the 20th century. I wonder what the rate of change is going to be like in the 21st century? As you move on to Unit 2 (600 BCE to 1450 AD), keep your eye on the rate of change. Does it keep increasing? Level off? Slow down? Do the factors you have identified as affecting the rate of change in the Paleolithic Age and Unit 1 still apply?

44 Well, that’s all for Unit 1, but don’t go away. Hang on to your notes and stay tuned for…

45 Unit 2 ! Coming SOON to a classroom near you.