Optical microscopy We want to see more details Magnification Resolution Contrast Simple microscope MENA3100, 22/1-07, OBK.

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Optical microscopy We want to see more details Magnification Resolution Contrast Simple microscope MENA3100, 22/1-07, OBK

The simple microscope Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1632−1723)

The compound microscope ca Hans Janssen Robert Hook (1635−1703) Micrographia, 1664

Stereo microscope

Compound microscope for transmitted light

Inverted compound microscope for reflected light

Refraction Kromatisk abberation

Spherical abberation

Corrections The objective

Numerical aperture (NA) NA = nsin  R = 0,61 /NA Resolution Rayleigh criterion (Raleigh in Brandon and Kaplan)

The limiting factor: Diffraction Oil immersion NA = nsin 

Condenser system Eyepice Ocular (okular) More is needed than just the objective

Optical anisotropy Calcite

Amorphous and cubic: Optically isotropic, one refracive index Hexagonal, trigonal, tetragonal: Optically anisotropic, two refractive indices Lower symmetry: Optically anisotropic, three refractive indices

Optically active crystals in the microscope

Michel-Levy chart

Remember that geologists often call their book on microscopy on thin sections for optical crystallography, and microscopy with reflected light is ore microscopy (malmmikroskopi). Some web sites: maintenance: