Grammar

修饰主语、宾语、表语的句子就叫做 定语从句。被修饰的成分叫先行词。 引导定语从句的关联词有： 定语从句 关系代词： who, whom whose, which, that 关系副词： when, where

Who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 Mary is the girl. She is wearing a skirt. e.g. Mary is the girl who is wearing a skirt. 先行词定语从句 Do you know the man? He spoke just now. Do you know the man who spoke just now?

whom 指人, 在从句中作宾语, 也可用 who 替换 ，均可省略。 Do you know the man (whom) we saw at the meeting? The girl is from America. I called her just now. The girl (whom ) I called just now is from America. Do you know the man?We saw him at the meeting.

which 指物, 在句中作主语或宾语, 作 宾语时可以省略。 I’m not interested in the book. It has just been published. I’m not interested in the book which has just been published.

apple the red the green the small the big The apple which is red is mine. The apple which is green is yours. The apple which is red is small. The apple which is green is big.

I have read the newspaper. It carries the important news. I have read the newspaper which carries the important news.

I showed him the letter. I received it this morning I showed him the letter (which) I received this morning.

that 指人或物， 在从句中做主语或宾 语, 作宾语时可以省略。 They’re talking about the film. I have seen the film. They’re talking about the film (that) I’ve seen.

It was written by Laoshe. Jane has borrowed the book. Jane has borrowed the book that was written by Laoshe.

* 先行词前有下列词语修饰时, 定语 从句必须用 that 引导。 all, every, any, little, few, much, no, only, very, the + 序数词, the + 形容词最高级 eg. This is the cleanest park that you can imagine. eg. This is the only book that has been written in French.

eg. He talked about the things and persons he had visited in the city. * 在 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句中， 限制性定语从句必须用 that 引导。 that eg. Who is the man is standing over there. that 当人和物同时做先行词时，必须用 that 引导。

* 先行词在从句中作表语时, 限制性定 语从句通常用 that 引导。 ( 常可省略 ) eg. She is no longer the girl that she was before she went to the country.

以下情况不用 that 1. 介词后只用 which 指物， whom 指人 Tell me the person with whom you will go to the park. This is the subject to which he referred at the meeting yesterday.

2. 非限制性定语从句中，不用 that ，其他 均可。 We visited the factory ， which they visited the year before last. 3. 人称代词做先行词时，关系词常用 who He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man. Those who laugh last laugh best.

* whose 指人或物，在从句中作定语。 The girl got first. Her father had given us a report. The girl whose father had given us a report got first. eg. That’s the man whose house was burned down.

That is the new machine. Its parts are too small to see. The parts of it are too small to see. That’s the machine whose parts are too small to see. That’s the machine of which the parts\ the parts of which are too small to see.

1. That book that you want it is on the desk. 2. Is this factory that we visited last week? the one This factory is the one that we visited last week? 3. He is the person for whom you are looking. for 4. The person to whom you talked is Lily. The person whom you talked to is Lily. 归纳： 1 定语从句要避免成分重复 2 定语从句要避免漏用先行词 3 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开

Corrections: 1. The man just said hello to me is my chemistry teacher. who 2. Who is the comrade you just shook hands with him. 3. This is the best dictionary which I have ever used. ( which that) 5. The house where we live in is not very large. ( where which/that) 6. The house that it was built in 1970 stayed up in the earthquake.

1.The street ______is to the park is very narrow. A. where B. which 2.The person ___finds my watch will get a reward. A. who B. when B A 3.The boy ___mother is ill can not come to the party. A. who B. whose B 4. Is that the house ____ you bought last year? A. where B. which B Choose the best answers

7.The sun heats the earth, ___________ is very important to living things. A.that B. what C. which D. where 8.May the fourth is the day ____ we Chinese people will never forget. A. which B. when C. on which D. about which 5.Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady____ comes from Beijing. A. who B. which C. whom D. whose 6. What’s the name of the man____. A. you borrowed his car B. which car you borrowed C. whose car you borrowed D. his car you borrowed

9. I don’t like ____ you speak to her. A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which 10.Finally, the thief handed everything _____ he had stolen to the police （ NMET98’) A. which B. what C. whatever D. that 11. The weather turned out to be very good, ____ was more than we expected. A. what B. that C. which D. it 12. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows ， most of ____ hadn’t been cleaned for ten years. A. these B. those C. that D. which