Arbovirus and Mosquito Surveillance Workshop: December 2015 John MacDonald Incursion Experience Exotic Mosquito Threats 3 December 2015

Department of Agriculture & Water Resources 2 Managing the risk of Exotic Mosquitoes Department of Agriculture and Water Resources plays an active role in mitigating the introduction of exotic mosquitoes. Disinsection of aircraft cabins and holds Inspections of international vessels Import conditions and treatments for risk cargoes Surveillance of cargo not subject to mandatory inspections Vector Monitoring at First Ports of Entry

Department of Agriculture & Water Resources 3 Vector Monitoring at First Ports of Entry 78 First Ports of Entry (air and sea ports) Conducted on behalf of Aust Government Dept. of Health (MoU) WHO International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005 (Annex 5, Paragraph 4) 400m precinct Routine adult, larval and ovi trapping and dipping Level of vector monitoring based on vector risk of the port

Department of Agriculture & Water Resources 4 Exotic Detections at the Border Isolated detections of exotic mosquitoes at the border are not uncommon Average about 6 detections per year Primarily occur at seaports in Northern Australia YearNumber of Detections SpeciesLocations 20093Ae. aegypti x 2 Ae. albopictus x 1 Darwin, Townsville, Port Kembla 20108Ae. aegypti x4 Ae. albopictus x 4 Darwin x 5, Townsville, Horn Island, Port Hedland 20115Ae. aegypti x 1 Ae. albopictus x 4 Darwin x 2, Cairns x 2, Thursday Island 20126Ae. aegypti x 2 Ae. albopictus x 4 Townsville x 3, Darwin, Melbourne, Brisbane (Airport detection) 20139Ae. aegypti x 4 Ae. albopictus x 5 Darwin x 6, Cairns, Townsville, Perth Note: Table includes imported cargo detections and detections through vector monitoring and surveillance at international ports.

Department of Agriculture & Water Resources 5 Increase in Border Detections – Particularly at International Airports YearPort TypeNumber of Detections SpeciesLocations 2014Airport21Ae. aegypti x 19 Ae. albopictus x 1 Cx. gelidus x 1 Perth x 17, Adelaide x 2, Melbourne x Seaport3Ae. aegypti x2 Ae. albopictus x 1 Darwin, Brisbane, Perth 2015Airport26Ae. aegypti x 25 Ae. albopictus x 1 Perth x 12, Brisbane x 6, Melbourne x 5, Darwin x Seaport4Ae. aegypti x 1 Ae. albopictus x 3 Darwin x 2, Cairns, Perth Averaging 27 detections per year.

Department of Agriculture & Water Resources 6 Recent Exotic Mosquito Detections at International Airports Identification/ Notification Date PortSpeciesNumber of specimens detected 30 Nov 2015Perth (Airport)Aedes aegypti1 (adult) (female) 29 Nov 2015Perth (Airport)Aedes aegypti1 (adult) (female) 23 Nov 2015Melbourne (Airport) (fire station) Aedes aegypti1 (adult) (male) 17 Nov 2015Perth (Airport)Aedes aegypti37 (adult (female) x 1, Larvae x 26, Pupae x 10) 11 Nov 2015Brisbane (Airport) (air cargo facility) Aedes aegypti1 (adult) (male) 11 Nov 2015Melbourne (Airport) (air cargo facility) Aedes albopictus1 (adult) (female) 6 Oct 2015Darwin (airport)Aedes aegypti2 (larvae)

Department of Agriculture & Water Resources 7 Adult knockdown fogging Residual surface / harbourage treatments Treatments of standing water, drains, receptacles, other mosquito breeding sites Ground surveys / source reduction Enhanced vector surveillance / trapping Treatment of infested imported goods Emergency Response Activities

Department of Agriculture & Water Resources 8 Introduction of additional on-arrival aircraft hold treatment measures Enhanced surveillance at Australian international airports Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing of arriving aircraft to verify disinsection requirements DNA analysis of mosquitoes to identify origin Enhanced Risk Mitigation Measures Image courtesy of Dr. Nigel Beebe, University of Queensland

Department of Agriculture & Water Resources 9 Source and pathway investigations continuing Identifying the origin of the mosquitoes will aid in more targeted risk mitigation Factors that may have contributed to the increase in detections include: o Changes in mosquito populations, the environment and/or vector control activities at port of origin o Ineffective aircraft disinsection treatments by the airlines o Insecticide resistance of the mosquitoes Why the sudden increase in detections at international airports

Department of Agriculture & Water Resources 10 National Vector Monitoring Review (completion Sept 2015) Policy review for vector monitoring at the border Documented national response strategy Spatial DNA database Provisions under the new Biosecurity Legislation Future Initiatives

Department of Agriculture & Water Resources 11 Questions? John Macdonald Senior Entomology Department of Agriculture & Water Resources PO Box 657, Mascot NSW 1460