Chapter 8, Global Stratification What Is Social Stratification? Global Systems of Stratification Wealth and Poverty in Global Perspective Problems in Studying Global Inequality Classification of Economies by Income

Chapter 8, Global Stratification Measuring Global Wealth and Poverty Global Poverty and Human Development Issues Theories of Global Inequality Global Inequality in the Future

Stratification Patterns of structural inequity in societies. Associated with financial status, race/ethnicity, gender and age.

Global Systems of Stratification Slavery - people are owned by other people Caste Systems - status is permanently determined at birth Class Systems - based on ownership and control of resources and the the type of work people do.

Characteristics of Slavery Slavery is inherited and lasts for life. Slaves were considered property; not human beings. Slaves were denied rights. Coercion was used to keep slaves “in their place.”

Caste System Sustained by cultural beliefs and values. Grow weaker as societies industrialize. Vestiges of caste systems often remain for hundreds of years beyond the time when they were abolished.

Wealth and Poverty in Global Perspective World is divided into unequal segments characterized by differences in wealth and poverty. People have vastly different lifestyles and life chances within and among the nations of the world.

Defining Global Inequality Three Worlds Approach - distinguishes nations based on economic development and standard of living. Levels of Development Approach - based on concept of developed, less-developed and undeveloped, nations.

Classifying Economies by Income Low-income economies (GNI per capita of $755 or less in 2000). Middle-income economies (GNI per capita between $756 and $9,265 in 2000). High-income economies (GNI per capita of more than $9,265 in 2000).

Human Development Index Criteria for level of development within a country: Gross Domestic Product - goods and services produced in country's economy within a year. Life Expectancy Education Living Standards

Theories of Global Inequality Modernization Theory - low-income and less- developed countries can move to middle and high-income economies through self-sustained economic growth. Dependency Theory - poor nations are trapped in a cycle of dependency on richer nations.

Theories of Global Inequality World Systems Theory - How a country fits in the global capitalist economy is the key feature in how economic development takes place. New International Division of Labor - Production can be moved to whichever part of the world can provide the best combination of capital and labor.