X X X Cloud Variables Top pressure Cloud type Effective radius Particle phase X Particle shape Optical thickness X Cloud cover/cloud detection Liquid water Bottom pressure

Bottom pressure/heigth A chi serve? Aviazione, bilancio radiativo (LW bottom) Come si stima? - Spessore (topmolecolare-topO2) - LWC - Tipo (climatologia) - cloud radar

Cloud type A chi serve

+

+ g = 0.85 = 0.86 = 0.87 Bidirectional reflectance Optical thickness

Ice particle habit A chi serve

Ice Cloud Microphysics CRYSTAL-FACE, A. Heymsfield 25 July 2002 (VIPS) 25 July 2002 (VIPS) CPI: 7 July 2002 S. Platnick, ISSAOS ‘02

Ice cloud microphysics, cont.

MODIS ice crystal library habits/shapes S. Platnick, ISSAOS ‘02

Yang et al., “Single-scattering properties of complex ice crystals in terrestrial Atmosphere”, Contr. Atmos. Phys., 71, 223-248, 1998.

Effective radius and optical thickness

CLM: Cloud microphysical properties

mod05

Liquid Water Clouds - ocean surface Retrieval of tc and re The reflection function of a nonabsorbing band (e.g., 0.86 µm) is primarily a function of optical thickness The reflection function of a near-infrared absorbing band (e.g., 2.14 µm) is primarily a function of effective radius clouds with small drops (or ice crystals) reflect more than those with large particles For optically thick clouds, there is a near orthogonality in the retrieval of tc and re using a visible and near-infrared band Liquid Water Clouds - ocean surface

Ice Clouds - ocean surface Retrieval of tc and re Ice Clouds - ocean surface The reflection function of a nonabsorbing band (e.g., 0.86 µm) is primarily a function of optical thickness The reflection function of a near-infrared absorbing band (e.g., 2.14 µm) is primarily a function of effective radius clouds with small drops (or ice crystals) reflect more than those with large particles For optically thick clouds, there is a near orthogonality in the retrieval of tc and re using a visible and near-infrared band

Cloud Optical & Microphysical Properties Retrieval Example Liquid Water Clouds - ocean surface Liquid Water Clouds - ice surface

Multiple scattering water cloud examples reflectance vs. asymmetry parameter (g) 1-v0 = 0 g = 0.85 = 0.86 = 0.87 Bidirectional reflectance Platnick_LAquila Optical thickness g = < cos(Q) p(Q)> ~ re S. Platnick, ISSAOS ‘02

Multiple scattering - reflectance water cloud examples reflectance vs. asymmetry parameter (g) reflectance vs. 1-v0 (R ~1-v0N) 1-v0 = 0 1-v0 = 0 g = 0.85 g = 0.85 = 0.86 = 0.87 1-v0 = 0.006 Bidirectional reflectance Platnick_LAquila 1-v0 = 0.020 1-v0 = 0.006 Optical thickness Optical thickness g = < cos(Q) p(Q)> ~ re 1-v0 a re S. Platnick, ISSAOS ‘02

Ship track schematic courtesy, P. Durkee N ~ 40 cm-3 W ~ 0.30 g m-3 Platnick_LAquila N ~ 40 cm-3 W ~ 0.30 g m-3 re ~ 11.2 µm N ~ 100 cm-3 W ~ 0.75 g m-3 re ~ 10.5 µm S. Platnick, ISSAOS ‘02

Level-1B Image of California Stratus with Ship Tracks April 25, 2001 marine stratocumulus Red = 0.65 µm Green = 0.56 µm Blue = 0.47 µm

Level-1B Image of California Stratus with Ship Tracks April 25, 2001 3.7 µm band Red = 0.65 µm Green = 0.56 µm Blue = 0.47 µm

CLM: Cloud microphysical properties Cloud effective droplet radius Cloud optical thickness

Cloud phase

IR thermodynamic phase retrieval (B. Baum, S. Ackerman, S IR thermodynamic phase retrieval (B. Baum, S. Ackerman, S. Nasiri, NASA LaRC, U. Wisconsin/CIMSS) ice water Platnick_LAquila Absorption coefficient (cm-1) ice 16.7 14.3 12.5 11.1 10.0 9.1 8.3 µm S. Platnick, ISSAOS ‘02

Platnick_LAquila Nasiri et al., 2002 S. Platnick, ISSAOS ‘02

Bispectral IR algorithm Uncertain Mixed Phase Effect of multilayered clouds Ice Platnick_LAquila Liquid Water No Retrieval S. Platnick, ISSAOS ‘02

CLP Cloud phase

Ice/Water Clouds Separate in 8.6-11 vs 11-12 um BT plots Example.

Cloud Composition MODIS Image Over Kansas - 21 April 1996 Contrails Ice Cloud Infrared Temperature Difference - 8.6 m (Band 29) - 11.0 m (Band 31) Contrails Water Cloud Infrared Temperature Difference - 11.0 m (Band 31) - 12.0 m (Band 32)