The World: Expanding Communities & Movement People, Goods, Ideas and Animals

GLOBAL PROCESS TRENDS TO 1450 Migration (Vikings, Turks, Aztecs, Mongols, Arab) Spread of disease Belief systems (introducing Islam…!) New Technologies and commerce Idea of ownership People, church & state (Crusades, conflict) Growth of individual (Magna Carta & Renaissance)

Demographic and Environmental Changes Migration of Agricultural Peoples Bantu migrations Europeans to Eastern and Central Europe Consequences of Disease For ex. Black Plague 1348 Growth and Role of Cities Urbanization How much of this demonstrates continuity? Pop. Growth + Agricultural Revolution = Urbanization Pop. Growth and expansion + virgin soils = Empire

Inter-regional networks and Contacts Mediterranean trade circuit Silk Routes Indian Ocean Trans-Saharan Trade Trans-American circuits Religious connections: missionaries, inter-religious contact Impact of Mongols

Mediterranean Circuits

Silk Routes

Indian Ocean

Trans-Saharan Trade

Trans-American trade

Religious Connections

China: Internal/External Expansion Sui Dynasty Tang Dynasty Technological innovations: compass, paper, gunpowder etc. Influence on Japan Footbinding, Neo-Confucianism Song Dynasty All the makings of an industrial revolution Early Ming Zheng He voyages, eunochs and nomadic threats

Sub-Saharan Africa West African kingdoms: Ghana, Mali East African city states: Axum, Kilwa Southern Africa: Great Zimbabwe Contacts with Islamic World, Indian Ocean world, and within Africa Role of Trade, Education and Religion

Impact of Mongols: Blessing or a Curse

MONGOL SPREAD East Asia (not Japan or SE Asia) Middle East (Persia) Russia IMPACT Conquest Trade Tech. Transfer

MONGOL SPREAD? (SE ASIA) Kublai Khan’s fleet of 1000 Mongol ships hit by a typhoon and then refused permission to land in Champa (Vietnam). They changed direction, but their sick fleet and surprise attack turned them in another direction. Monsoons finally convinced them to retreat entirely.

Islamic World: Dar al-Islam Expanding cultural, economic and political influence Al-Andalus/ Islamic Spain North and West Africa Indian Ocean: East Africa, India, SE Asia Technological accomplishments: astrolabe, algebra, philosophy, cartography…

Al-Andalus

Islamic World: Comparisons Compare Islam to Christianity Compare Islamic contacts with Europe and with Africa Crusades- points of view compared Compare gender changes Compare support/ patronage of arts and sciences

Europe Break in eastern and Western Christendom: political significance? Religious schisms compared: Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholicism Mahayana and Theravada Buddhism Sunni/ Shiite in Islam

Europe: Restructure of Institutions Religion Papacy, Crusades, architecture and education Development of Feudalism Comparison of feudalism in Europe and Japan Increasing importance of monarchy over church

Amer-Indian World Migrations over the Bering Strait at least 10,000 years ago. North: Cahokia South: Hohokam MesoAmerica- Olmecs, Maya, Toltec/Aztec South America: Nazca, Moche, (Inca)

AMERICAN CIVILIZATIONS Aztec ( Tenochtitlan/Tlatelolco, territorial conquest, chinampas, simple tech., sacrifice Mayan ( Teotihuacan, pyramids and 3-levels of Cosmos, calendar, math, simple technology Inca ( clan and ayllu, mit’a system for labor, roads, bridges, huge empire w. strong military, Cuzco city with hostages, khipu

MIDDLE EAST Eastern Orthodox Christianity spreads Byzantine and Sasanid Empires ISLAM Spread of Islam Caliphates Trade – Southernization: Indian Ocean Trade Fairly peaceful

EASTERN ASIA Sui (Grand Canal), Tang (Buddhism, loss of silk monopoly, inventions) Song (civil service exam back, Tech., pop+, flying money, credit) YUAN – Mongols Khubilai Khan, technology transfer, exchange of ideas and goods, Silk Road open, tax farming MING – GOLDEN AGE: Zheng He, junks Concepts Spread of Buddhism – silk road Korea, Japan and Vietnam adapt ideas from Chinese culture, begin to develop their own

EUROPE Fall of Rome: Feudalism/Dark Ages/Middle Ages Catholic Church & Pope: monasticism Christian Europe concerned about Islam: crusades Pope vs. King – as Europe moves out of Middle Ages, King becomes more powerful (investiture controversy) Black Plague…brought from Mongol fighters in Italy benefits???....leads to RENAISSANCE

RUSSIA BEFORE: Kievian society and Orthodox MONGOLS (1200): Golden Horde Took the resources, devastates Kiev tax farming Alexander Nevskii saves Moscow Moscow becomes center Women in Mongol society?

AFRICA Islam introduced into Africa – trade/peace…Great Zimbabwe, Swahili, Kilwa – SOUTHERNIZATION and trade Ethiopia stays Christian Mali Empire and Mansa Musa Timbuktu Travellers: Ibn Battuta

INDIA Only violent Islam conquerers in India DELHI SULTANATE: Violent, destroyed Hindu temples, people Raziya (women) Compare women to Buddhist Empress in China of Wu Zhao during Tang Trading cities of Calicut, Malabar Coast Dhow

CHANGES IN EUROPE: 1450 Renaissance Printing Press Fall of Constantinople: Ottoman New art/architecture Explorers (Dias, da Gama, Columbus) New World (Cortes, Pizzaro Spain/Portugal & Treaty of Tordesillas

Questions we will focus on: Was there a world economic network? How did gender roles change? How can material culture and urban history help us to understand early societies? Examples of continuity? Change? Think about patterns and trends: demographics, social, technological

IDEAS TO CONSIDER What is “southernization”? How did it change trade from the classical period and who were the important players on the scene? How did southernization lead to westernization and what are the significant differences between them?

PEOPLE TO KNOW… Vladimir I Ghengis Khan Ogodei Khubilai Ibn Battata Alexander Nevskii Zheng He Rashid al-Din