IMMUNE SYSTEM

Disease Transmissible (Infectious): a disease that can be spread from person to person Ex) HIV/ AIDS, Tuberculosis, Influenza, Malaria Non-Transmissible: a disease that cannot be spread from person to person Ex) Cancer, Asthma, Allergies, Diabetes

History of Disease  Most deadly flu: Spanish flu of 1918  Infected 500 million; Killed 20 – 50 million people (mostly young people)  A strain of the swine flu (H1N1)  Bill Bryson reading

Bubonic Plague  Killed million people  Bacteria or Virus?  Vector?  People still get it today but we have an antibiotic for it +plague

Pandemic vs. Epidemic  Epidemic: when a disease affects people in more than just one location  Pandemic: when a disease affects people worldwide (no country goes untouched)

Future Pandemic?  We are due for a pandemic  Scientists believe it will be a form of the flu virus  Kill anywhere between million people  The bird flu (H5N1) is only a few genetic mutations away from being capable of creating such a pandemic (Currently, it is not easily spread from person to person). This has been created in the lab.  Harbor seals (H3N8)

What 3 diseases do you think cause the most death in the world?

Current Disease Top 3 killers: 1. Influenza 2. AIDS 3. Diarrhea

Toxoplasmosis  A parasite found in cats tissue and cat feces  Cats get it from eating rats (in fact, the parasite actually causes rats to seek out cats to eat them)  Humans get it by eating infected cat meat or by consuming feces (on accident)  Causes increased happiness in females, but not in males  Can cause psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia in some cases

Bubble Boy  David Vetter  SCID: Severe Combined Immunodeficiency  His body lacked the ability to produce antibodies so he lived in sterile environment “bubble”  The Boy in the Plastic Bubble movie fe=active

Allergies  A strong response to a harmless antigen in the environment

Vaccines vs. Antibiotics  Vaccines: FOR VIRUSES. Inject dead virus into you so your T and B cells can memorize the type of antibodies to produce.  Antibiotics: FOR BACTERIA. Inhibit the growth of and destroy bacteria.

Practice Question  How do human diseases caused by bacteria and diseases caused by viruses react to antibiotics? A. Neither responds to antibiotics. B. Both respond to antibiotics. C. Viral diseases respond to antibiotics; bacterial diseases do not. D. Bacterial diseases respond to antibiotics; viral diseases do not.

Antibiotic Resistance  A doctor should only prescribe antibiotics in emergency situations  Why?

Vaccines  Is not getting the flu vaccine immoral?

Good Bacteria  Your body is covered in “good” bacteria  A lot is found in your intestines where they help you digest food that would otherwise be difficult for our bodies to digest. jessica-green-and-karen-guillemin

Organ Transplants  Your immune system is set up to reject any tissue transplanted into your body from a different living thing  When receiving a transplant, the antigens on a donor must be tested. The more similar they are to the recipients, the more likely the recipients body won’t reject them.  Recipients are often given drugs that suppress their immune systems.

Biological Warfare  Using living things in war  Ex) Releasing a strain of smallpox in the U.S. hoping to kill as many citizens as possible

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Candiru