How much is a Drink?  One Half Ounce is considered a drink of alcohol. 1 beer 1 beer 4-5 ounces of wine 4-5 ounces of wine 1 shot 1 shot 1 mixed drink 1 mixed drink

BAC  Factors that effect Blood Alcohol Content Amount of alcohol consumed Amount of alcohol consumed Number of drinks and strengthNumber of drinks and strength Speed it is consumed Speed it is consumed Faster increases BACFaster increases BAC Can be dangerousCan be dangerous Body weight Body weight Bigger body=more bloodBigger body=more blood Percentage of body fat Percentage of body fat Lean body tissue is more absorbentLean body tissue is more absorbent Gender Gender FemalesFemales Less stomach enzymes to break down alcohol in stomach to enter blood stream. Less stomach enzymes to break down alcohol in stomach to enter blood stream. Less lean body tissue Less lean body tissue

BAC  More Factors Feelings Feelings Stress, anger, and fear can speed up the time it takes alcohol to enter the bloodstreamStress, anger, and fear can speed up the time it takes alcohol to enter the bloodstream Food eaten Food eaten If someone has alcohol on an empty stomach the alcohol enters the bloodstream much faster.If someone has alcohol on an empty stomach the alcohol enters the bloodstream much faster. Other drugs in the system Other drugs in the system Tranquilizers and painkillers can heighten the effects of alcohol.Tranquilizers and painkillers can heighten the effects of alcohol. Age Age Elderly people are more sensitive to the effects of alcoholElderly people are more sensitive to the effects of alcohol Carbonation Carbonation Carbonated beverages pass through the bloodstream faster then non-carbonated beverages.Carbonated beverages pass through the bloodstream faster then non-carbonated beverages.

What happens as BAC Increases?  0.02-feel relaxed  0.05-speech may slur, decreased coordination and reaction time.  Reasoning, judgment, self control, muscular coordination and reaction time are seriously slowed. .12-confused and disoriented. May start to vomit. .2-emotions are unpredictable and may change drastically. .3- little or no control/most people can not stay awake during this time. .4-likely to become unconscious. Breathing and heart rate slow. Death can occur. .5-people may enter deep coma and die.

How Alcohol affects the Body  Nervous system Impairs the brain and other parts of the nervous system, such as nerve cells. Impairs the brain and other parts of the nervous system, such as nerve cells. May cause blackouts, seizures, and dementiaMay cause blackouts, seizures, and dementia  Digestive system Ulcer open sore on the skin or on a mucus membrane. Ulcer open sore on the skin or on a mucus membrane. Alcohol increases the secretion of stomach acids.Alcohol increases the secretion of stomach acids. Liver disease-three stages Liver disease-three stages 1 st stage- the liver becomes enlarged with fatty tissue.1 st stage- the liver becomes enlarged with fatty tissue. 2 nd stage- liver swells even more because of alcohol hepatitis.2 nd stage- liver swells even more because of alcohol hepatitis. Can cause serious illness or death Can cause serious illness or death 3 rd stage-can cause cirrhosis which is when there is chronic damage to liver cells.3 rd stage-can cause cirrhosis which is when there is chronic damage to liver cells. Can cause liver failure or death. Can cause liver failure or death. Only way to treat advanced stages is to have a liver transplant Only way to treat advanced stages is to have a liver transplant  Reproductive system During puberty it can During puberty it can postpone menstruation for womenpostpone menstruation for women Decrease size of testes for menDecrease size of testes for men

How Alcohol affects the Body  Immune system Depresses the function of the immune system Depresses the function of the immune system Long term drinking lowers the number of infection fighting cells in the body. Long term drinking lowers the number of infection fighting cells in the body.  Cardiovascular System May damage cardiovascular organs May damage cardiovascular organs Increased risk forIncreased risk for Cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular disease High blood pressure High blood pressure Stroke Stroke  Skeletal System Makes the body lose calcium Makes the body lose calcium  Urinary system Long term can increase kidney failure Long term can increase kidney failure

Drinking During Pregnancy  (FAS) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome-Babies born with severe birth defects because mother was drinking during pregnancy Small slit eyes Small slit eyes Small head Small head Delayed physical and mental growth Delayed physical and mental growth

Laws  Under 21 Underage drinking starts at.02 BAC Underage drinking starts at.02 BAC Drivers under 21 are legally drunk at.02 or more BAC Drivers under 21 are legally drunk at.02 or more BAC  21 or over Drivers are legally drunk at.08 BAC or more Drivers are legally drunk at.08 BAC or more Public Drunkenness Public Drunkenness If acting intoxicatedIf acting intoxicated No set BAC level No set BAC level

Alcoholism  A physical and physiological dependence on alcohol.  Not all alcoholics drink everyday Binge drinking alcoholics Binge drinking alcoholics  Functioning alcoholics  Hard to treat Denial-acceptance is the first step Denial-acceptance is the first step Withdrawal Withdrawal NauseousNauseous AnxiousAnxious AgitatedAgitated Tremor or “the shakes”Tremor or “the shakes” VomitingVomiting

Getting Help  Alcoholism is a disease, like most diseases it can be treated Alcoholics need treatment, usually short and long term Alcoholics need treatment, usually short and long term Alcoholics anonymous or AA is the most common Alcoholics anonymous or AA is the most common  Signs that show higher risk individuals for alcoholism Genetics Genetics Childhood behavior Childhood behavior Psychiatric Disorders Psychiatric Disorders Self-esteem Self-esteem Parents Parents

Peer Pressure  What are some tips for saying NO?  What is the best way to not have peer pressure to drink alcohol or do drugs?  Does who you associate with affect what you will be around?