Food Security and Nutrition in the Near East and North Africa Region (NENA): Challenges, priorities and policy processes Mohamed Aw-Dahir Regional Food Systems Economist, SO1 Focal Point FAO/RNE FSN Forum Workshop, December 2015 Rome, Italy

Presentation outline Regional context FSN Challenges Strengths and opportunities Some of the ongoing processes (policies, and strategies at regional and national levels) Potential synergy between the Global FSN Forum and the exiting NENA platform

Context  Despite the homogeneity in many aspects, the region is one of the most complex in term of the status of the economy, political stability, governance system, natural resources endowment and poverty level etc; i.Gulf Countries ii.A number of middle income countries iii.Least Developed Countries (LDCs) iv.Countries affected by conflict and protracted crises  Agriculture sector contributes about 10% of regional GDP and employs 21% of the population;  Large and growing population: 6% of the world population, with 2.2% annual growth rate, pushing the demand for food upwards

Context cont… Progress towards the Millennium Development Goals (MDG 1c) in the NENA Region Despite the impressive record by some of the countries, the region as a whole has neither achieved the World Food Summit target of halving the number of undernourished nor the MDG target of halving the proportion of undernourishment by 2015; A setback in the fight against hunger as the number of hungry people in the region has doubled from 16.5M people in 1990– 1992 to 33M in2015;

Source: FAO Undernourished people in the world and NENA region, 1990–92 to 2014–16

Some of the FSN challenges  Limited and fragile natural resource base especially land and water coupled with the impact of climate change, declining rate of productivity growth etc.  High population growth rate, urbanization, unemployment, widening gap between food production and demand;  Heavy reliance on food imports; highly vulnerable to quantity and price shocks;  Impact of the transition: Conflict, civil insecurity, regional instability, population movement…

Regional instability: Conflict, civil insecurity and population movement are the key drivers of food insecurity in parts of the region FSN challenges cont…

Source: FAO NENA's rising trade deficit for food and agricultural products

Challenges cont.. Population growth rate is higher than world average Widening gap between food production and domestic requirement Source: UN DESA, Population Division

Long (ancient) agricultural tradition Geographical position (extended regional market, closeness to important foreign markets) Dynamism of the private sector (Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt: export of high value crops: olive oil, dates, citrus, strawberries, grapes and many other crops) Improved food value addition and value chains would significantly increase employment NENA: Opportunities and strengths

NENA: Regional priorities 1.Enhancing food security and nutrition. 2.Fostering agricultural production and rural development for improved livelihoods. 3.Sustainable management of natural resources. 4.Responding to climate change impacts and developing adaptation strategies. 5.Preparedness for, and response to, food and agriculture emergencies. Despite the constantly shifting priorities due to the impact of major global and regional trends (global financial crises, food price volatility, Arab Spring, regional conflict, migration and refugees etc), FSN remains central element for national strategies

NENA: Some of the FSN Policy processes i) At Regional level The new SDGs process led by ESCWA and LAS CFS/RNE led Regional Multi Stakeholder annual forum; NERC-endorsed Regional Strategy to reduce FLW; Implementation of the ICN2 commitments in nutrition ii) At National level: Renewed efforts/rethinking of FSN problems and possible solutions. The KSA, Morocco, Sudan, Oman, UAE, Mauritian, Yemen and many others have/in the process of designing FSRD strategies.

What are the potential synergies and complementarity between the NENA platforms and the Global FSN Forum?  NENA has active FSN platforms and coordination mechanisms: (i) UN-LAS Regional Coordination Mechanism-Thematic Working Group on FSN, (ii) CFS/RNE Regional MSH Forum for FSN, (iii) Regional Network for FLW, (iv) Sub regional Network for the Syria Crises etc  These networks and platforms have large membership including policy makers, donors, UN agencies, Research Institutions, Regional organizations, CSOs, private sector, NGOs, academia etc  Regular consultations on FSN challenges, priorities, polices etc Limitations: Limited online outreach, mainly inward looking, discussion mainly in workshops, limited interactions on thematic issues etc;  The Global FNS Forum can easily plug in the existing NENA networks; can bring global perspectives; sharing the best practices; induce online/ lively discussions etc

Thank you