Jefferson’s Presidency Chapter 2, Section 3

Republican Revolution When Jefferson entered the White House, it was touted as a ‘republican revolution’ because of the changes he brought. When Jefferson entered the White House, it was touted as a ‘republican revolution’ because of the changes he brought. Jefferson practiced D-R ideals Jefferson practiced D-R ideals Wanted to overturn Alien and Sedition Acts Wanted to overturn Alien and Sedition Acts Disliked taxes Disliked taxes Lower national debt Lower national debt Cuts to army and navy Cuts to army and navy Streamline government agencies Streamline government agencies

John Marshall Federalist (think about his ideals!); Federalist (think about his ideals!); Former Secretary of State under John Adams; Former Secretary of State under John Adams; Became Chief Justice of Supreme Court in 1801; Became Chief Justice of Supreme Court in 1801; 35 years served  heard over 1,000 cases 35 years served  heard over 1,000 cases

Marshall’s Legacies JUDICIAL REVIEW!!!!!!!!!!! JUDICIAL REVIEW!!!!!!!!!!! Power of Supreme Court to determine whether laws are constitutional or not. Power of Supreme Court to determine whether laws are constitutional or not. Federal laws superior to state laws Federal laws superior to state laws Broad interpretation of the Constitution Broad interpretation of the Constitution Sanctity of contracts  less gov interference in business Sanctity of contracts  less gov interference in business

Marbury v. Madison (1803) William Marbury last-minute appointment of John Adams (“midnight judges”); William Marbury last-minute appointment of John Adams (“midnight judges”); James Madison (Jefferson’s Secretary of State) refused to deliver his papers; James Madison (Jefferson’s Secretary of State) refused to deliver his papers; Marbury argued that under Judiciary Act of 1789, S.C. could order Madison to deliver his papers. Marbury argued that under Judiciary Act of 1789, S.C. could order Madison to deliver his papers.

Marbury v. Madison (1803) cont’d Marshall declared that J.A. of 1789 was unconstitutional, so the Supreme Court could not order Madison to deliver the papers. Marshall declared that J.A. of 1789 was unconstitutional, so the Supreme Court could not order Madison to deliver the papers. Why is this significant??? Why is this significant???

Expansion Westward Jefferson believed national economy should be based on farming  need more land!!! Jefferson believed national economy should be based on farming  need more land!!! Wanted to acquire Louisiana Territory from Spain Wanted to acquire Louisiana Territory from Spain Spain had already given control to France, a much stronger nation. Spain had already given control to France, a much stronger nation.

Louisiana Purchase Jefferson was able to purchase the land from the French because the French had given up on colonizing N.America Jefferson was able to purchase the land from the French because the French had given up on colonizing N.America Paid $15 million (~3 cents per acre) Paid $15 million (~3 cents per acre) Increased the size of the U.S. by 2/3 Increased the size of the U.S. by 2/3

Foreign Problems Barbary States Barbary States American ships were threatened by Barbary pirates of N. Africa; American ships were threatened by Barbary pirates of N. Africa; Previous presidents had paid for safe passage; Previous presidents had paid for safe passage; When fee was raised, Jefferson refused to pay it and sent the navy to take on the Barbary states (Morocco, Tunis, Algiers and Tripoli) When fee was raised, Jefferson refused to pay it and sent the navy to take on the Barbary states (Morocco, Tunis, Algiers and Tripoli) Blockaded Tripoli and were victorious! Blockaded Tripoli and were victorious!

Foreign Problems (cont’d) Need to expand markets overseas Need to expand markets overseas Help French get around British blockade by disguising French goods as American goods Help French get around British blockade by disguising French goods as American goods Known as re-exporting Known as re-exporting Helps French economy; U.S. becomes Britain’s market rival  British are ANGRY!!! Helps French economy; U.S. becomes Britain’s market rival  British are ANGRY!!! British capture of American sailors British capture of American sailors Known as impressment Known as impressment

Foreign Problems In response to British impressment, Jefferson decided to place an embargo on Britain. In response to British impressment, Jefferson decided to place an embargo on Britain. Embargo= stoppage of trade Embargo= stoppage of trade Jefferson thought this would cripple British industry, but it backfired… Jefferson thought this would cripple British industry, but it backfired… U.S. had no one to trade with and Great Britain started trade with South America. U.S. had no one to trade with and Great Britain started trade with South America.