Handout: (1)What are three major arguments for both Pro-Imperialists and Anti-Imperialists? (2)Select one statement from the “Imperialists” and the “Antiimperialists” that seem particularly provocative (strong response) to you?

All answers to handouts and at stations (except station #5) are to be handed in at the end of class.

Handout: (1)What are three major arguments for both Pro-Imperialists and Anti-Imperialists? (2)Select one statement from the “Imperialists” and the “Antiimperialists” that seem particularly provocative (strong response) to you?

Annexing the Philippines – President William McKinley telling of how he came to the decision What are the reasons President William McKinley decides annex the Philippines, (based upon his prayer of Sept., 1901) ? – “I walked the floor of the White House night after night until midnight, and I am not ashamed to tell you, gentlemen, that I went down on my knees and prayed to God Almighty for light and guidance more than one night. And one night late it came to me this way – I don’t know how it was, but it came. One, that we could not give the Philippines back to Spain – that would be cowardly and dishonorable. Two, that we could not turn them over to France or Germany – our commercial rivals in the Orient – that would be bad business and discreditable. Three, that we could not leave them to themselves – they were unfit for self-government – and they would soon have anarchy and misrule over there worse than Spain’s was. And, four, that there was nothing left for us to do but to take them all, and to educate the Filipinos, and uplift them and civilize and Christianize them …”

Stations: Read materials at each station, answer questions, write down answers, and generate questions. If possessing a computer at a station, do the on-line activity.

“Open Door Policy” - Before U.S. involvement, established leaseholds … , Secretary of State John Hay writes a letter … - “Spheres of Influence …” - Committed to “free trade” 1 - ** For review: What were the similarities and differences between these two series of events – “Scramble for Africa” and Open Door Policy?

- Berlin Conference, Divided up Africa into “spheres of influence” - Committed to “free trade” - Committed to end slavery in Africa

Philippine-American War * * U.S. sent 126,000 American soldiers sent to the Philippines. * 4,300 American deaths * 50,000 to 200,000 Filipino deaths

“That Damned Cowboy” - Sept. 6, 1901, President William McKinley is shot - Sept. 13, While on a camping trip, Theodore Roosevelt has been told he’s now president. 2 - ** What events led to Theodore Roosevelt becoming president? ** What do you find of interest in these passages?

Mexican Revolution (1910 – 1920) 3 - ** What were the major events of the Mexican Revolution, and who was Pancho Villa? ** What were the United States actions in the Mexican Revolution? - Porfirio Diaz ruled as the Mexican dictator for 34 years. - Era of “New Colonialism” in which Mexicans have self-rule but foreign and companies own the railroads, raw materials, and profits from Mexico. - Most Mexicans remain landless and poor, so much of this revolution is about socio-economic class. - President Francisco Madero is elected, deposed in 1913, and then killed; a dictator, former general named Victoriano Huerta becomes president.

Mexican Revolution (1910 – 1920) (continued) … - Revolutionaries like Emiliano Zapata and Pancho Villa lead revolutions in the countryside against the government , Mexico has a new constitution, nationalizing all oil and mineral wealth, land redistribution, guaranteeing higher wages, right to organize, and a pension system. U.S. Actions , military coup d'état – U.S. ambassador Henry Lane Wilson , bombing Veracruz – President Wilson authorizes U.S. Navy to use artillery shells against Mexican port of Veracruz , sending forces into Mexico – President Wilson sends American forces into Mexico after Pancho Villa attacked the New Mexican town of Columbus, killing 16 Americans

4 - ** Which imperialistic actions led to tensions between European powers, eventually leading to WWI? - German aggression in Morocco – speech by Kaiser Wilhem – German vessel, Panther, lands in Morocco

Movie clip featuring Antonio Banderas as Pancho Villa