Warm Up! What instrument do scientists use to measure an earthquake? What causes an earthquake? What is an aftershock? Explain the difference between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere. Label the fault, epicenter, and focus in the picture to the right. A = B = C = *Chunk, color, and write a Summary from yesterday’s Notes!* Warm Up! b a c Objective: SWBAT explain how the release of energy and various types of earthquakes relates to magnitude, and P and S waves. LEQ: Why is it important to understand the different aspects of an earthquake?

Objective & LEQ Objective: SWBAT explain how the release of energy and various types of earthquakes relates to magnitude, and P and S waves. LEQ: Why is it important to understand the different aspects of an earthquake?

Agenda Warm Up Review Big Goals Getting Organized Review Yesterday’s Exit Ticket Earthquake Waves CN Name that Wave!! Wave Scenarios- Practice Problems Waves Mission Mastery Exit ticket

Unit 3: Table of Contents (1st & 3rd) Left Side Items Page Right Side Items Convection Article 20 Layers of Earth/Convection Currents CN 21 Layers of Earth Foldable Plate Tectonics CN 23 Graham Cracker Lab 22 Volcano CN 25 Plate Boundaries Card Sort Earthquake Anatomy CN 27 Volcano Stations 24 Earthquake Waves CN 29 Volcano Worksheet Unit 3 Review CN 31 Earthquake Presentation 26 Waves Mission Mastery 28 Unit 3 Study Guide 30

Unit 3: GEMS of Wisdom (1st & 3rd) Avid Strategy Page W I C O R Convection Article 22 Layers of the Earth Foldable Graham Cracker Lab 24 Plate Boundaries Card Sort Volcano Stations 26 Volcano Worksheet Earthquake Presentation 28 Waves Mission Mastery 30 Unit 3 Study Guide 32

Unit 3: Table of Contents (2nd) Left Side Items Page Right Side Items Convection Article 22 Layers of Earth/Convection Currents CN 23 Layers of Earth Foldable Plate Tectonics CN 25 Graham Cracker Lab 24 Volcano CN 27 Plate Boundaries Card Sort Earthquake Anatomy CN 29 Volcano Stations 26 Earthquake Waves CN 31 Volcano Worksheet Unit 3 Review CN 33 Earthquake Presentation 28 Waves Mission Mastery 30 Jeopardy 32 Unit 3 Study Guide

Unit 3: GEMS of Wisdom (2nd) Avid Strategy Page W I C O R Convection Article 22 Layers of the Earth Foldable Graham Cracker Lab 24 Plate Boundaries Card Sort Volcano Stations 26 Volcano Worksheet Earthquake Presentation 28 Waves Mission Mastery 30

*How do we envision ourselves? OUR BIG GOALS What are our BIG GOALS? What behaviors and actions will allow us to reach our BIG GOALS? What do we think will be most difficult? PROVE WHAT IS POSSIBLE! *How do we envision ourselves?

Exit Ticket-Tuesday List and describe the 3 types of volcanoes. What three factors affect the viscosity of lava/magma? What hypothesis explains how earthquakes occur? Define the 3 parts of an earthquake (fault, epicenter, focus)

It’s a race…

P WAVES (Primary Waves) Compression waves. They push and pull (compress & expand) in the direction that the wave is traveling. Fastest waves! They arrive first, but cause the least damage.

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S WAVES (Secondary Waves) Move in right angles Slower than P waves. Arrive second (hence the name) cause a moderate amount of damage.

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SURFACE WAVES Travel along the earth’s surface. They do not travel through the Earth. Move up and down or side to side. Slowest wave, but most destructive!

LETS SEE THIS IN ACTION!

NAME THAT WAVE

P Wave, S Wave, or Surface Wave NAME THAT WAVE! I am the type of wave that does not travel through the earth. P Wave, S Wave, or Surface Wave 18

NAME THAT WAVE! 2) 19

3) I am short for “secondary wave.” NAME THAT WAVE! 3) I am short for “secondary wave.” 20

NAME THAT WAVE! 4) 21

5) I arrive last at the seismograph station. NAME THAT WAVE! 5) I arrive last at the seismograph station. 22

NAME THAT WAVE! 6) 23

7) I am the most destructive type of wave. NAME THAT WAVE! 7) I am the most destructive type of wave. 24

NAME THAT WAVE! 8) 25

9) I am the type of wave that arrives at a seismograph first. NAME THAT WAVE! 9) I am the type of wave that arrives at a seismograph first. 26

WHAT THIS LOOKS LIKE IN REAL LIFE Let’s label the boxes as a class. Draw them on your cornell notes!!

When an earthquake happens, scientists want to know where it happens. Scientists need to find the epicenter. Scientists need to find the source. Write the formula below!! Epicenter = Difference in __________ S wave - P wave

HOW SCIENTISTS USE THIS *Write the formula and answer for each scenario!!* SCENARIO 1: Watch! Answer 1 _____________________ SCENARIO 2: A P Wave arrives at the seismograph station 3 minutes after an earthquake. An S Wave arrives 8 minutes after an earthquake. What is the difference in arrival time? Answer 2 ______________________ SCENARIO 3: At 10:32 a P Wave arrives. At 10:45 and S Wave arrives. What is the difference in arrival time? Answer 3 _______________________

P Wave = _____________________ S Wave = _____________________ 3:00 3:02 3:04 3:06 3:08 3:10 3:12 3:14 3:16 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 SCENARIO 1: Watch! P Wave = _____________________ S Wave = _____________________ Answer = ______________________ SCENARIO 2: P Wave = _____________________ S Wave = _____________________ Answer = ______________________

SCENARIO #1 Determine the difference in the travel-times between the first P wave and the first S wave, if the seismic station is 1000 miles from the epicenter. Read the problem and box in key words. Identify the information on the axis. Plot your points to find data. ________________________ Subtract your data. __________ - __________ = _________

SCENARIO #2 Determine the difference in the travel-times between the first P wave and the first S wave, if the seismic station is 500 miles from the epicenter. Read the problem and box in key words. Identify the information on the axis. Plot your points to find data. ________________________ Subtract your data. __________ - __________ = _________

SCENARIO #3 Determine the difference in the travel-times between the first P wave and the first S wave, if the seismic station is 2,000 miles from the epicenter. Read the problem and box in key words. Identify the information on the axis. Plot your points to find data. ________________________ Subtract your data. __________ - __________ = _________

SCENARIO #1 According to Figure 8-1, what is the distance between the seismic station and an earthquake epicenter, if the first S wave arrives 6.5 minutes after the first P wave? Read the problem and box in key words. Count the intervals between the lines. When you have found one close to your boxed in words, plot your points to find data. Subtract your data. __________ - __________ = _________

SCENARIO #2 According to Figure 8-1, what is the distance between the seismic station and an earthquake epicenter, if the first S wave arrives 2.0 minutes after the first P wave? Read the problem and box in key words. Count the intervals between the lines. When you have found one close to your boxed in words, plot your points to find data. Subtract your data. __________ - __________ = _________

SCENARIO #3 According to Figure 8-1, what is the distance between the seismic station and an earthquake epicenter, if the first S wave arrives 4.0 minutes after the first P wave? Read the problem and box in key words. Count the intervals between the lines. When you have found one close to your boxed in words, plot your points to find data. Subtract your data. __________ - __________ = _________

OPPERATION: Mastery In partners you will each get a secret assignment. On scratch paper you must solve the problem. When you are completed you may walk briskly to the front and line up to show your work. 37

OPPERATION: Mastery If you fail your mission (are wrong), I will keep your paper and you must start over. If you succeed, you will earn 40 dollars for being the first to complete the problem. You will earn 30 dollars for second place. You will earn 20 dollars for third place. You will earn 10 dollars for completing the problem. 38

1. Which part of a seismogram is used to find the distance to the epicenter of the earthquake? P-wave arrival time, only S-wave arrival time, only Difference in the arrival time of the P-wave and S-wave Difference in the height of the P-wave and S-wave 2. How do the travel times of P waves and S waves compare? P waves travel faster S waves travel faster The both travel at the same speed It depends on how far they travel 3. This type of wave is the most destructive wave. Arriving last, this wave causes the most damage to buildings, roads and other structures on the Earth’s surface. P Wave S Wave Surface Wave Seismic Wave

4. According to Figure 8-1, what is the distance between the seismic station and an earthquake epicenter, if the first S wave arrives 4.0 minutes after the first P wave? a.1500 miles b. 3000 miles c. 2500 miles d. 2000 miles 5. Use the graph in Figure 8-1 to determine the difference in the travel-times between the first P wave and the first S wave, if the seismic station is 3000 miles from the epicenter. a. 10.0 minutes b. 5.2 minutes c. 6.6 minutes d. 7.2 minutes