TELESCOPES. Where do we put telescopes to have the best viewing conditions? 1. On Earth: CLEARHIGHDRYCOLDDARK.

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Presentation transcript:

TELESCOPES

Where do we put telescopes to have the best viewing conditions? 1. On Earth: CLEARHIGHDRYCOLDDARK

Problem with Telescopes on Earth? Problem: Particles of all sorts in the atmosphere block and cloud the view Particles of all sorts in the atmosphere block and cloud the view

2. In Space Solves atmosphere problem – CLEAR VIEW! Examples: Hubble, Cobe, Iras

Problem with telescopes in space? They’re in space! Hard to get to Hard to repair EXPENSIVE!!!

Functions of a Telescope 1. C ollect Light 2. M agnify Images 3. S eparate Distant Objects 4. U se as a Camera

OPTICAL TELESCOPES (USE VISIBLE LIGHT) Two types: 1. Refractor – BENDS LIGHT Invented by Hans Lippershey in 1608 Refined by Galileo in 1609

Galileo demonstrating his telescope

2. Reflector – USES MIRRORS

Tololo Observatory - Chile

TYPE 1 – REFRACTING TELESCOPE How does it work? a. It bends light to create an image b. It uses two lenses 1. eyepiece (ocular) lens - small 2. objective lens - large

Draw it!

Type 2 – Reflecting Telescope a. Invented by Isaac Newton in 1668 b. Uses two mirrors Objective Mirror – Large Secondary (flat) mirror – Small Secondary (flat) mirror – Small c. Can be VERY LARGE 40 ft - 50 ft diameter objective mirror!

Draw It!

Advantages of a reflector 1. You only need to prepare one side of the mirror. (on a refractor the lens has two sides) – cheaper and distortion is less of a problem. 2. The whole back of the mirror can be supported, therefore can be made very LARGE

Non-optical Telescopes 1. Radio Telescopes a. Location – Earth (atmosphere does not affect radio waves) b. Structure – Large metal dish

c. Size – very large because radio waves have a very long wavelength

d. Arrays – sets of multiple radio telescopes that allow for more data to be gathered.

Ex – VLA (very large array) in Socorro, New Mexico 27 dishes. SETI– Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence looking for intelligent radio signals looking for intelligent radio signals

Other Non-Optical Telescopes (all are satellites) a. Infrared – IRAS launched 1983

b. Microwaves – COBE Cosmic Background explorer. Discovered evidence of the Big Bang. Launched 1981

COBE Image of CBR

c. X-Rays – Chandra Launched 1999

Cassiopeia Super Nova

Black Hole

Crab Nebula

Saturn

d. Gamma Rays – GRO Gamma Ray Observatory

Milky Way