Native Americans

Teacher Notes This activity can follow reading of Chapter 3, Texas and Texans, Glencoe, or it may be coupled with selected reading from the chapter. The activity calls for students to take notes on graphic organizers in their interactive spiral notebooks on at least two pages.

Why do you think many of the first Americans continued to travel southward after crossing the land bridge?

FarmersGatherers HuntersFishermen Native Americans in Texas Copy the four squares in your ISN. Take notes for each Native Americans in Texas group.

Native Americans in Texas The Fishermen: Karankawas and Atakapans The Plant Gatherers: Tonkawas and Coahuiltecans The Hunters: Kiowas, Lipan Apaches and Comanches The Farmers: Caddoes and Whichitas

How did the environment affect Native Texans?

what they ate, what they lived in, how they survived, their customs

What are some uses of the buffalo?

The Fishermen: Karankawas & Atakapans lived along the Gulf coast from the lower Trinity River to Corpus Christi

What do these two pictures say about the Fishermen? The Fishermen: Karankawas & Atakapans

The Karankawa men were tall, powerfully built people. The Atakapan people were short and stout. Both tribes smeared themselves with alligator grease and dirt to ward off mosquitoes.

The Fishermen: Karankawas & Atakapans lived in huts that had to be easy to take apart and carry. Main diet – from the Gulf waters. –oysters, clams, scallops, turtles –Gathered nuts, berries, seeds

The Fishermen: Karankawas & Atakapans They held ceremonial dances and festivals. –Only the men danced Few remained in Texas after 1858.

The Plant Gatherers: Tonkawas & Coahuiltecans lived along the rivers and creeks of Central Texas and inland from Galveston Bay westward

What do these two pictures say about the Plant Gatherers? The Plant Gatherers: Tonkawas & Coahuiltecans

Both were small, well-built people. Their headdresses were elaborately decorated with animal horns and bright feathers.

The Plant Gatherers: Tonkawas & Coahuiltecans lived in low circular huts that were dome shaped. Gathered – herbs, roots, seeds, fruits Hunted – rabbits, turtles, skunks, snakes, deer, wild pigs

The Plant Gatherers: Tonkawas & Coahuiltecans When a loved one died, mourning was for 3 months… they did not leave the camp during this time. Many moved to Mexico and joined tribes there.

The Hunters: Kiowas, Lipan Apaches, & Comanches roamed constantly from the northern part of West Texas down to the border and over into Mexico and New Mexico

What do these two pictures say about the Hunters? The Hunters: Kiowas, Lipan Apaches, & Comanches

Both wore clothing made of tanned buffalo hide or deerskin decorated with beads, shells, and animal teeth.

The Hunters: Kiowas, Lipan Apaches, & Comanches lived in tepees of buffalo hide. Main source of food: Buffalo They considered it healthful to drink the warm blood of a freshly killed animal.

The Hunters: Kiowas, Lipan Apaches, & Comanches When a young man was ready to become a warrior, he was sent alone for four days and nights to await visions. These visions would guide him for the remainder of his life. Because of wars and diseases of the white man, there were virtually none left in Texas by the early 1900s.

The Farmers: Caddoes & Wichitas lived in the Piney Woods area of East Texas and near Dallas and Ft. Worth.

What do these two pictures say about the Farmers? The Farmers: Caddoes & Wichitas

Both painted themselves with bright colors and wore shells, bones, animal teeth, seeds and feathers. All Native Americans practiced tattooing.

The Farmers: Caddoes & Wichitas built grass huts that looked like beehives. grew corn, beans, melons, pumpkins, tobacco, and squash. gathered wild berries, nuts, figs, peaches, and honey. trapped small animals such as rabbit.

The Farmers: Caddoes & Wichitas Not all men of the tribe were warriors. Because of wars and diseases of the white man, there were virtually none left in Texas by the early 1900s.

Why do you think these Native American houses are different?

FarmersGatherers HuntersFishermen Native Americans in Texas Compare the four Native Americans of Texas groups. You may use words or visuals. SIMILARITIES

Sources: ns.html Celebrating Texas. 1. Austin, Tx.: Lone Star Publishing, Lone Star. 1. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Texas!. 1. Austin, Texas: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, ns.html

FarmersGatherers HuntersFishermen Native Americans in Texas