Introduction to Paleoanthropology Human Evolution lab Introduction to Paleoanthropology

Objectives: Learn about Primates, hominids and hominoids. Learn about cladistics and Phylogenies Create a human Phylogeny using the fossil reproductions in lab by Collecting data from the skulls Learning significant characters for comparison Construct a cladogram from your data Observe how different conclusions may be made from the same data set. View a video recreation of significant stages of human evolution

Orangutan and Gorilla

Characters Brain case features Facial features Dental features 1. Facial Slope Angle 2. Supraorbital Browridge (large, small, or medium) 3. Forehead (large, small, or medium) 4. Sagittal Crest (absent, small, medium, or large) 5. Foramen Magnum (rear or forward) 6. Cranial Module 7. Nasal Bones (arched or flat) 8. Prognathism (present or absent) 9. Postorbital Constriction 10. Facial Width 11. Dental Arcade (Box, U, or intermediate) 12. Incisors (angled or vertical) 13. Canines (above or below) 14. Diastema (present or absent) 15. Tooth Row Length Brain case features Facial features Dental features

Geographic Regions and Ages of the Fossils: 1- East Africa, 3.9-3.0 MYA 2 – East Africa, 1.9-1.7 MYA 3 – Africa, Asia, and Europe, 1.8 MYA-0.3 MYA 4 – East Africa, 2.3-1.6 MYA 5 – Europe and the Middle East (West Asia), 0.2 -0.03 MYA 6 – Africa, Asia, and Europe, 0.6-0.1 MYA 7 – South Africa, 3.0-2.3 MYA 8 – Africa, Asia, and Europe (and later worldwide), 0.15 MYA-present

Australopithecus bosie & Homo erectus

Neanderthal

FACIAL SLOPE

Facial slope

Facial slope

Supraorbital bridge

Supraorbital bridge

Forehead

Forehead

Sagittal crest

Foramen magnum

CRANIAL MODULE

Cranial Module- length

Cranial Module- depth

Cranial Module- width

Nasal bones - arched

Nasal bones - flat

Prognathism

Postorbital constriction

Facial width Zygomatic arch

Shape of Dental Arcade

Canines - above chewing surface

Canines - below chewing surface

Incisors – angled out

Incisors- vertical

Tooth row length 2 premolars + 3 molars

Diastema – gap for long canine