Biology Core 9. Differentiate between the previous five-kingdom and current six-kingdom classification systems. Objective B.9.5: Differentiate among the major characteristics of the six kingdoms. Additional content to be taught: Identifying ways in which organisms from the Monera, Protista, and Fungi kingdoms are beneficial and harmful Examples: beneficial—decomposers, harmful—diseases Writing scientific names accurately by using binomial nomenclature 11. Classify animals according to type of skeletal structure, method of fertilization and reproduction, body symmetry, body coverings, and locomotion. Examples: reproduction—sexual, asexual; locomotion—cilia, flagella, pseudopodia Objective B.11.2: List types of body coverings and locomotion found in animals. Objective B.11.5: Describe the types of reproduction as asexual or sexual..

Protists

Six-Kingdom System Eubacteria Protista Animalia Fungi Plantae Archaebacteria

Protists The Outcasts

Some unicellular All Eukaryotic All live in moist environments Protists Others multicellular Some heterotrophs Others autotrophs Some microscopic Others 300 feet long! Animal-like Plant-like Three Subcategories:

Animal-like Protists All unicellular Protozoans All heterotrophic Subdivided: Mode of Locomotion Pseudopodia Cilia Flagella

Animal-like Protists with Pseudopodia They move by extending a part of their body forward, and pulling the rest of its body behind it Pseudopodia – finger-like projections that extend outward Amoeba - Also used to trap food

Animal-like Protists with Cilia They move by beating tiny hair-like structures called cilia The cilia act as tiny oars that allow the protist to move through its watery environment Paramecium "Ciliates"

Animal-like Protists with Flagella They move by beating their long whip-like structures called flagella. May have one or more flagella Giardia Some are parasitic and cause diseases Trypanosoma Diarrhea African Sleeping Sickness Tsetse Fly "Zooflagellates"

Another Disease-causing Protozoan... Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Female Anopheles mosquito

Plant-like Protists Produce oxygen All autotrophic Form the base of aquatic food chains Four basic groups: Euglenoids Dinoflagellates Diatoms Can be unicellular, multicellular, or live in colonies Algae

Plant-like Protists Mostly unicellular, but some form colonies, and a few are multicellular Green in color Volvox Live in freshwater, salt water, and a few live on land Green Algae Algae

Protist Quiz

1. What is the name of this organism to the left? 2. What is this structure called? 3. Describe how this organism moves (locomotion). 4. Identify this organism to the right. 5. What are the structures located around its body called? 6. Describe this organisms mode of locomotion.

These three organisms can be harmful to humans. 7. What are these structures called? 8. Describe this organism’s mode of locomotion. Giardia Trypanosoma Plasmodium 9. Which protist causes malaria? 10. Which protist often causes diarrhea? 11. Which protist causes African Sleeping Sickness?

Bonus! A. B. Name the insects that carry and transmit these disease-causing protists.

The End