Ground and Airborne Platforms for Data Collection in the UK Vineyard David R Green - University of Aberdeen, UK 12 th April Geography of Wine -- Old World 12 th April Geography of Wine -- Old World

Outline Airborne Platforms Airborne Platforms Ground Platforms Ground Platforms Specifications Specifications Hardware Hardware Some Examples Some Examples Future Research Future Research To examine what off-the-shelf mobile data collection tools and technologies are available for monitoring and mapping the smaller vineyard

Data Collection Monitoring & Mapping Sensors Airborne Ground Remote Sensing Camera Remote Sensing Camera Still / Video Other Sensors – Temperature / RH Vertical / Ffacing / Bfacing / Downward / Upward Normal / Fisheye / Globe / Panoramic / Video Information Extraction – Digital Image Processing Mapping / GPS / Tracking (using mobile phone Apps)

Airborne Platforms Model Aircraft and Helicopters Model Aircraft and Helicopters UAVs (Un-manned Airborne Vehicles) UAVs (Un-manned Airborne Vehicles) Varying Sizes, Specifications & Sensors Varying Sizes, Specifications & Sensors Camera (analogue/digital) Camera (analogue/digital) Video Camera (digital) Video Camera (digital) Hyperspectral Hyperspectral Radio-Controlled Radio-Controlled Pre-Programmed flight Pre-Programmed flight Low-Cost to Expensive Low-Cost to Expensive DIY to commercial platforms DIY to commercial platforms

Airborne Platforms Experiment with a small quadcopter platform Experiment with a small quadcopter platform (a toy!) – Parrot AR Drone 2 (a toy!) – Parrot AR Drone 2 Advantages: Advantages: Cheap to buy (£300.00) Cheap to buy (£300.00) Easy to fly Easy to fly iPad / Mobile Phone APP control iPad / Mobile Phone APP control Built-in cameras (forward and vertical) Built-in cameras (forward and vertical) Cheap to repair (lots of spares if crashed!) Cheap to repair (lots of spares if crashed!) Can be modified e.g. to take a GoPro camera Can be modified e.g. to take a GoPro camera Disadvantages: Disadvantages: Cheap cameras Not designed for purpose / Cheap cameras

Parrot AR Drone 2

Parrot AR Drone 2 - Specifications

0.6m 0.6m Parrot AR Drone 2

Quadcopter Housing Motor Parrot AR Drone 2

iPad WiFi Controller Parrot AR Drone 2

Power Light Parrot AR Drone 2

Advantages: Control via WiFi – limits UAV re: height and distance Control via WiFi – limits UAV re: height and distance Fly forwards / backwards & up / down Fly forwards / backwards & up / down Hover Hover Remote Sensing close to canopy Remote Sensing close to canopy Disadvantages: Limited aerial coverage Limited aerial coverage Stability in wind/operation Stability in wind/operation Camera quality - especially vertical Camera quality - especially vertical

App Interface

Drone, iPad and ‘landing pad’

Video Clips

Video Clips (Chilford Hall Vineyard, UK)

Video Capture on iPad

Vertical Image Still from Video (using WonderShare Video Editor ) Soil/Weeds In rows Vine Canopy Shadow

Shadow within the canopy Canopy shadow between rows Leaves within the canopy Soil Weeds between rows

Vine Canopy Shadow Vertical Image Still from Video (using WonderShare Video Editor )

Shadow within the canopy Ventral surface Shadow within the rows Leaves within the canopy

Ground Vehicle Radio Controlled Radio Controlled Standard Model Vehicle Standard Model Vehicle 1/8 Brushless Barbarian Radio Controlled Monster Truck 1/8 Brushless Barbarian Radio Controlled Monster Truck Electric Electric X-large Tyres with 4 x 4 X-large Tyres with 4 x 4 Suspension Suspension Easily modified to take cameras without Easily modified to take cameras without altering the body altering the body

Nitrotek Barbarian EXL – 4 x 4 RC

4WD, Brushless Power System; Newly designed C-hub steering system. King pin axis extends to the wheel centre, improving steering performance; Newly developed suspension system, twin adjustable rear suspension modes for flexible driving; Solid aluminium chassis, centralised chassis design to get quicker steering and fast response; Motor mount, not only keeps the motor cool, but also protects the motor when jumping and bashing Adjustable battery holder mounts, can fit almost all stick Li-Pos available in the market; Optional mechanical braking system, provides accurate deceleration and jumping control; 16mm super big bore oil aluminium shocks; All steel gear, machined motor gear, machined diff. gear; 17mm hex alum. wheel hub; Realistic All-terrain tyres with foam inserts; Ultra-strong front and rear bumpers; Performance-designed chrome wheel. Front CVD, has all ball bearing construction 4WD, Brushless Power System; Newly designed C-hub steering system. King pin axis extends to the wheel centre, improving steering performance; Newly developed suspension system, twin adjustable rear suspension modes for flexible driving; Solid aluminium chassis, centralised chassis design to get quicker steering and fast response; Motor mount, not only keeps the motor cool, but also protects the motor when jumping and bashing Adjustable battery holder mounts, can fit almost all stick Li-Pos available in the market; Optional mechanical braking system, provides accurate deceleration and jumping control; 16mm super big bore oil aluminium shocks; All steel gear, machined motor gear, machined diff. gear; 17mm hex alum. wheel hub; Realistic All-terrain tyres with foam inserts; Ultra-strong front and rear bumpers; Performance-designed chrome wheel. Front CVD, has all ball bearing construction Specifications

GoPro Hero 2 Camera, WiFi Backpack & WiFi RC Apple iPhone 4s Maxim iButton & Hobo Swivl platform and remote control

550mm 310mm

GoPro Camera

Handlebar Clip Support Metal Plate

Stabiliser bar Hand-held Radio Controller Support Metal Plate Swivl

Close-up of Swivl and Apple iPhone 4S Apple iPhone 4S

Video-Clips of the Model 4x4

Digital Fisheye Lens for Sony W350

Digital Fisheye Lens for GoPro

Bubblescope 360 degree Lens attached to an Apple iPhone or Android Phone Uses Bubblepix App for image capture Case Phone Bubblescope

Summary and Conclusions Potential applications for these small platforms Potential applications for these small platforms for Remote Sensing for Remote Sensing Remote control e.g. Radio control and WiFi control Remote control e.g. Radio control and WiFi control Robust in the field (air and ground) Robust in the field (air and ground) Rapid learning curve for use Rapid learning curve for use Off-the-shelf technology Off-the-shelf technology Customisation could be developed – further research Customisation could be developed – further research

12 th April Geography of Wine -- Old World 12 th April Geography of Wine -- Old World Thank You ………… David R. Green Department of Geography & Environment University of Aberdeen, St. Mary’s Elphinstone Road, Aberdeen AB24 3UF, Scotland, UK Tel Fax Internet.