De’ja Monique Mitchell Flagella and Cilia De’ja Monique Mitchell

Prokaryotic Flagella Flagella (singular, flagellum) are long, threadlike structures extending from the surface of a cell. Used for locomotion Can be one or more per cell depending on species

Prokaryotic Flagella (cont.) Prokaryotes can swim at speeds up to 70 cell lengths per second Very rigid and slender Flagella moves in a spinning motion, like a propeller The rotary motor uses the energy stored in a gradient that transfers protons across the plasma membrane to power movement

Eukaryotic Flagella Eukaryotic flagella is a circle of 9 microtubule pairs surrounding 2 central microtubules. (9+2 structure) Moves up and down, like a wave motion Sensory organelle reacts to chemicals and temperature outside the cell. Each flagellum proves to be an outward projection of the cells interior, containing cytoplasm and enclosed by the plasma membrane

Eukaryotic Flagella (CONT.)

Prokaryotic EUKARYOTIC Screw like motion Undulates

Cilia Cilia (singular, cilium) is a short cellular projection that are often organized in rows. Beating of rows can move water over a tissue’s surface In a vertebrates ear, sound waves can bend these structures and provide the initial sensory input for hearing

Cilia (CONT.) 10-3000 µm long Arranged in longitudinal rows or in spirals around the cell Beats in a coordinated fashion Special functions Become fused into sheets, spikes, and rods Function as motions, paddles, teeth, or feet

Cilia(Cont.)