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The U.S. aids Allies  Congress will pass Neutrality Acts Illegal to sell arms or lend $ to nations at war  Roosevelt creates Lend-Lease Act Roosevelt and Churchill met secretly and issued a joint declaration called the Atlantic Charter- ○ Upheld free trade, right to choose own gov’t. ○ THEN…  U.S. gives aid to Stalin after Hitler invades U.S.S.R “If Hitler invaded Hell, we would be willing to work with the devil himself.” ○ U.S. was in undeclared naval war with Hitler  Oct German U-boats fire on U.S. Ships Roosevelt ordered the Navy to shoot U-boats on sight U.S. destroyer Reuben James sunk- killing 100 sailors ○ U.S. will officially enter war b/c of Japan Why & When? Ouch!

Militaristic Japan  Emperor reigns but doesn’t rule  1920’s extreme military leaders attempted to overthrow the emperor. Great Depression put blame on government Unsuccessful  Military leaders launch surprise attack on China anyway In Manchuria Why would Japan want to invade another country ?

Manchukuo  Within months Japan’s military controlled this area  Set up a “puppet government” Why didn’t China win against tiny Japan? Back in Democracy established in China Chiang Kai-shek (democratic) could not defeat the Japanese ○ Better equipped and trained (westernization) Conquer Beijing and Nanjing The Democratic Chinese set up new capital in west and continue to fight Mao Zedong (a Chinese communist)

Fast Forward To Six Years Later

Japanese Militarists By all Chinese agree to fight together July Japan invades China again  Japan takes the Marco Polo Bridge Japan moves south- into Indochina Hideki Tojo leader of military becomes Japan’s Prime Minister U.S. - Japan Negotiations  U.S. wants Japan to retreat to Manchukuo  U.S. cuts off trade with Japan- 1 very important resource?!? WRITE IT DOWN!!!  What problems would this bring about for Japan?

Japan Prepares  Ship charter in Pearl Harbor  Japan scouted many areas in the South Pacific for an attack.  Japan was not wanting to go to war, instead the militarists wanted to show the U.S. that Japan was a force to be reckoned with.  Japan wanted one BIG attack in order for the U.S. to give in.  Meanwhile, the U.S. freezes all Japanese bank accounts in U.S.

Attack on Pearl Harbor  U.S. broke codes knew Japan was going to attack in the South Pacific.  December 7, Early morning Surprise 180 Japanese warplanes 1 hour and 30 minutes  Japanese 80% success  2,403 Americans killed & 1,178 wounded  Sunk/damaged 21 U.S. ships  300 airplanes damaged  Japan thought the U.S. would negotiate spheres of influence  December 8, U.S. declares war on Japan  December 11, Germany & Italy declare war on U.S.

 Following Pearl Harbor, who was winning in the Pacific? The Axis or Allies?

Japanese victories  Guam and Wake Island fall to Japan The Japanese turn attention to the Philippines U.S. and Filipino forces take up defensive position on Bataan Peninsula Japanese will take Peninsula Brutal treatment was used against prisoners ○ Bataan Death March  The Allies Strike Back U.S. wanted revenge for Pearl Harbor Under the command of Lieutenant Colonel James Doolittle, Tokyo is bombed. ○ The Japanese were vulnerable after all. Battle of the Coral Sea- will be victorious in preventing Japan’s Southward advance Unique sea battle because WRITE IT DOWN!!!

The Battle of Midway  Midway- 1,500 miles west of Hawaii Site of a key American airfield Code breakers discover that the Japanese are on the move The almighty attack!!! U.S. pilots destroy 332 Japanese planes and 4 carriers U.S. moral high after Battle of Midway

 General Douglas MacArthur- commander of Allied land forces ○ Had been forced out of the Philippines when Japan seized the islands. Next strategy=“island hopping” to seize islands and get closer to Japan  Battle of Guadalcanal Japanese were building a huge air base. Allies wanted to attack before it was finished. 6 month battle- Allies win.