Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Bio 100 Tri-County Technical College Pendleton, S. C.

Human Body Organization Hierarchy of organization Humans are composed of systems Systems are composed of organs Organs are composed of tissues Tissues are composed of cells Cells are composed of atoms and molecules

Human Body Tissues Four categories –epithelial –connective –muscular –nervous

Epithelial Tissues Functions –protection –absorption –filtration –secretion

Connective Tissue Connects the body parts. Some examples –bone –tendons –blood –ligaments –cartilage

Muscular Tissue Contract, or shorten, to produce movement Types –skeletal –smooth –cardiac

Kinds of Muscle Tissue Skeletal muscle tissue –found attached to bones –voluntary muscle Smooth muscle tissue –blood vessels, GI tract –involuntary muscle Cardiac muscle –heart

Nervous Tissue Irritability –responds to stimuli Conductivity –conducts nerve impulses over distances of the body Makes up brain, spinal cord, and nerves

The Human Systems Integumentary Skeletal Muscular Nervous Endocrine Cardiovascular Lymphatic Respiratory Digestive Urinary Reproductive

Integumentary System forms external body covering protects deeper tissues from injury synthesizes vit. D location of cutaneous receptors, sweat and oil glands

Skeletal System protects and supports provides framework for muscles to cause movement blood cell formation mineral storage

Muscular System allows manipulation of the environment locomotion facial expression maintains posture produces heat

Nervous System fast acting control system responds by activating the appropriate muscles and glands

Endocrine System made up of glands glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use by body cells

Cardiovascular System blood vessels transport blood which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, etc. the heart pumps blood

Lymphatic System picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to the blood disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream houses whit blood cells involved in immunity

Respiratory System constantly supplies blood with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide gaseous exchange occur through the walls of the air sacs of the lungs

Digestive System breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells eliminates undigestible food as feces

Urinary System eliminates nitrogenous wastes regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of the blood

Reproductive Systems production of offspring testes produce sperm and male sex hormone ducts and glands aid in delivery of viable sperm to female reproductive tract ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones

remaining female structures serve as sites for fertilization and development of the fetus mammary glands of female breasts produce milk to nourish the newborn

Major Organs in Each System Integumentary system –skin –cutaneous receptors –sweat and oil glands Skeletal System –cartilages –joints –bones

Muscular system –skeletal muscles –smooth muscle –cardiac muscle Nervous system –brain –spinal cord –nerves Endocrine system –glands that secrete directly into the interstitial fluid

Cardiovascular system –heart –blood vessels Lymphatic system –lymphatic vessels –lymph nodes –thoracic duct Respiratory system –pharynx, trachea –bronchus and lungs

Digestive system –esophagus –stomach –small intestine –large intestine Urinary system –kidneys –ureter –urinary bladder –urethra

Male reproductive system –testis –vas deferens –penis –scrotum Female reproductive system –ovaries –uterus and uterine tubes –vagina –mammary glands