Black Holes Pierre Cieniewicz

What are they? A Black Hole (BH) is a place in space from which nothing can escape The reason for this is gravity Some things are so dense that even light cannot escape their gravitational pull

Schwarzschild Radius The size an object must be in order to be dense enough to not allow light to escape its gravitational pull Example: What would the Earth’s Schwarzschild Radius be?

Schwarzschild Radius G = 6.67 x N m 2 kg -2 M earth = x kg

Schwarzschild Radius G = 6.67 x N m 2 kg -2 M earth = 83.9 kg How big would *I* have to be to be a BH?

Event Horizon This sounds a lot like the Schwarzschild Radius… The point at which light can no longer escape a BH’s gravity

Event Horizon vs Schwarzschild Schwarzschild Radius is the maximum size R BH = R S : Schwarzschild Radius = Event Horizon R BH < R S : Schwarzschild Radius < Event Horizon

Singularities The center of a BH where v=0 and there is infinite density

Types of BHs Stellar-massIntermediate-massSupermassive

Types of BHs Stellar-mass: Collapse of a supergiant star or rapidly rotating neutron star in a binary galaxy Intermediate-mass: Unknown Supermassive: Connected to the formation of galaxies

Characteristics Only 3 properties: Mass Charge Angular Momentum

Spacetime Frame Dragging Ergosphere: Area of space outside the BH which is forced into spinning Nothing can stay still in the Ergosphere

Spacetime Frame Dragging ErgosphereBH

Spacetime Frame Dragging ErgosphereBH

Spacetime Frame Dragging ErgosphereBH

Spacetime Frame Dragging ErgosphereBH V > c

Hawking Radiation BH Black Holes can lose mass ~13 billion years E=Mc 2

Hawking Radiation BH