United Nations University (UNU) Institute for Environment & Human Security

UNU Campus Worldwide

Structure of UNU-EHS, Bonn

Number of people killed worldwide, 1973-2002 Source: UN/ISDR, 2004

Population living within 100 km of the coast

Fifty percent of the world's population currently live within sixty kilometers of the coast – at present, more than 3 billion people.

How would you define vulnerability? Risk f = hazard and vulnerability Vulnerability Risk Hazard How would you define vulnerability?

Vulnerability Definitions How much am I protected? VULNERABILITY “... a human condition or process resulting from physical, social, economic, and environmental factors which determine the likelihood and scale of damage from the impact of a given hazard“ (UNDP, 2004) “... the likelihood of injury, death, loss, disruption of livelihood or other harm in an extreme event, and/or unusual difficulties in recovering from such effects and adapt in the long-term to mitigate hazard impacts“ (Wisner, 2002)

Dimensions of Vulnerability Social Dimension Vulnerability of different social groups, Role of social networks (coping) Economic and Infrastructure Dimension Vulnerability of different economic sectors and infrastructures (life-lines – technical) Environmental Dimension Environmental fragility (groundwater, land) Dependency on environmental services Institutional Dimension Effectiveness and failure of structures and institutions

The Pressure and Release (PAR) model Source: According to Wisner et al., 2004: 51. Source: Wisner et al. 2004: 51

Vulnerability Assessment Awarenss about the Role of society processes shaping damage Understanding the underlying causes of risks Developing indicators that show spatial differences in risk Using vulnerability information to manage risks

WorldRiskIndex

Components and indicators of the WorldRiskIndex

Results for Exposure

Results for Vulnerability

Results for the WorldRiskIndex

Risk Management Focussed Risk Assessment Different vulnerabilities in different phases of a disaster During the disaster After the disaster Loss of life & Livelihood Loss of life & Livelihood Vulnerability factors Vulnerability factors 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Early Warning & Response (short-term damage prevention) Emergency Relief (damage mitigation) Exposure Reduction (long-term damage prevention) Reconstruction (damage mitigation & long term damage prevention) Hazard impact Risk Management e.g. contingency capacities and coordination e.g. risk insurance & compensation, disaster resilient spatial planning e.g. hazard control, resettlement, building codes, hazard resistant infrastructures e.g. infrastructures for warning decision, dissemination & evacuation C R I S M ANAG EME NT C R I S I S M A N A G E M E N T D A G E P V N T O D A M A G E P R E V E N T I O N

Baseline Risk Assessment: Hazard and Exposure

Case study Indonesia

Tsunami-genic Earthquakes in Indonesia

Early Warning & Response (short-term damage prevention) Emergency Relief (damage mitigation) Exposure Reduction (long-term damage prevention) Reconstruction (damage mitigation & long term damage prevention) Hazard impact Risk Management e.g. contingency capacities and coordination e.g. risk insurance & compensation, disaster resilient spatial planning e.g. hazard control, resettlement, building codes, hazard resistant infrastructures e.g. infrastructures for warning decision, dissemination & evacuation C R I S M ANAG EME NT C R I S I S M A N A G E M E N T D A G E P V N T O D A M A G E P R E V E N T I O N

Risks and Risk Management Tasks during the occurence of a hazard event

Risks and Risk Management Tasks during the occurence of a hazard event

Risks and Risk Management Tasks during the occurence of a hazard event

Risks and Risk Management Tasks during the occurence of a hazard event

Early Warning & Response (short-term damage prevention) Emergency Relief (damage mitigation) Exposure Reduction (long-term damage prevention) Reconstruction (damage mitigation & long term damage prevention) Hazard impact Risk Management e.g. contingency capacities and coordination e.g. risk insurance & compensation, disaster resilient spatial planning e.g. hazard control, resettlement, building codes, hazard resistant infrastructures e.g. infrastructures for warning decision, dissemination & evacuation C R I S M ANAG EME NT C R I S I S M A N A G E M E N T D A G E P V N T O D A M A G E P R E V E N T I O N

For further information: Niklas Gebert UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY Hermann-Ehlers-Str. 10 53113 Bonn, Germany Tel.: + 49-228-815-0244 Fax: + 49-228-815-0299 e-mail: gebert@ehs.unu.edu www.bonn.unu.edu “Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.” Nelson Mandela