Section 1 Objectives Students will be able to: Explain the election of 1800 and the role that political parties played in that election. Understand who Thomas Jefferson really was and what was important to him. Identify and understand the policies of Jefferson as President of the United States. Understand the significance of Marbury v. Madison and judicial review.

What do you already know? In your notes, list what you already know about Thomas Jefferson. Share with your neighbor – add to your list from theirs.

The Election of 1800 Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr each won 73 electoral votes John Adams won 65 electoral votes Charles Pinckney won 64 electoral votes

It’s a Tie!! What do we do? Under the Constitution at that time, the House of Representatives must break the tie and choose the President from the top two candidates: Thomas Jefferson Aaron Burr Remember – they are both Democratic-Republican candidates. What role do you think the Federalists will play in this decision? Think for a few seconds – be prepared to answer.

What Happens? Federalists are divided. The House of Representatives is deadlocked – meaning they keep coming up with ties. Over seven days the House of Representatives voted 35 times and all ended in a tie. Enter Alexander Hamilton He does not like or trust Aaron Burr He gets Federalists to support Thomas Jefferson because Hamilton feels he will be a better president than Burr On the 36 th vote – Thomas Jefferson becomes the third President of the United States

The Talented Mr. Jefferson Jefferson had many talents Advised Washington D.C.‘s architects Skilled violinist, horseman, amateur scientist, and devout reader Jefferson’s book collection becomes the core of the Library of Congress “I think this is the most extraordinary collection of talent, of human knowledge, that has ever been gathered at the White House – with the possible exception of when Thomas Jefferson dined alone.” John F. Kennedy welcoming a group of Nobel Prize winning guests.

Thomas Jefferson as President First President inaugurated in Washington D.C. Wanted to cut the federal budget and reduce taxes He supported the will of the majority of people He wanted limited government and the protection of individual liberties and rights

Jefferson’s Actions What do you think Jefferson will do? In a a short quickwrite in your notes list what you think he will do with the following issues: Alien and Sedition Acts? Whiskey Tax? Army and Navy? Hamilton’s Financial Plan and debt?

Answers Urges Congress (now controlled by the Democratic- Republicans) to allow the Alien and Sedition Acts to expire Has Congress end the Whiskey Tax Because of the loss of money from the tax, Jefferson: Reduces the size of the Navy, stops ship construction Reduces the army from 4000 to 2500 Reduces the number of federal government employees Works to undo Hamilton’s plan Opposes all public debt However, he does leave the National Bank in place

Marbury v. Madison

Judicial Review is established John Adams signs appointments of new judges on his last night in office. Thomas Jefferson is to take over as President. What political party do you think the judges Adams appointed belonged to? Why did he do this?

Marbury v. Madison “midnight judges”- what these new judges were referred to as. William Marbury was one of these “midnight judges.” James Madison, Jefferson’s new Secretary of State, was supposed to officially present Marbury with his new position… But he didn’t! So… Marbury sued and appealed to the Supreme Court to get Madison to award him the position…

Marbury v. Madison The Verdict : Supreme Court refuses to grant Marbury his position!! Why? A section of the Judiciary Act of 1789 (which set up the federal court system in the first place) was unconstitutional and void. Lasting Impact: This is the first time the Supreme Court overturns an act of Congress. Checks & balances in action! Judicial Review - Supreme Court’s ability to declare a law or act unconstitutional

Section 2 Objectives Students will be able to: Explain the Louisiana Purchase and the importance of it to the westward expansion of the United States of America Understand the purpose and goal of the Lewis and Clark Expedition

The Louisiana Purchase In 1803 President Jefferson sent James Monroe and Robert Livingston to Paris to negotiate with the French in order to buy New Orleans as it was a very important port Surprisingly the French offered to sell all of the Louisiana Territory, including New Orleans. For $15 million the U.S. purchased the territory, about 4 cents/acre Largest land deal in history as it doubled the size of the United States!

The Louisiana Purchase

Lewis and Clark Expedition The Corps of Discovery Expedition to explore the Louisiana Purchase Led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark Included 50 skilled frontiersmen Began near St. Louis on May 14, 1804 Reached the Pacific Ocean in November, 1805

Native Americans Lewis and Clark told the Native Americans that the United States now owned the land where they lived. Sacagawea, a Shoshone woman, served as a guide and interpreter. She was married to a French trader who joined the expedition. Sacagawea proved much more helpful than her husband. Relied on the goodwill of Native American tribes along the way. The Shoshone were the most hostile but Sacagawea recognized the chief as her brother so the Shoshone ended up helping the expedition.

Sacagawea and her infant son Pomp were guides for Lewis and Clark on their journey west

Lewis and Clark Expedition Group Activity Homework – Section 1 – Where would you like to explore? Section 2 – Circa 1803 Section 3 – Mapping the Expedition

Group Activity Map