Federal Emergency Management Agency Unit U nit 3 - Mitigation Measures by Type of Disaster

Federal Emergency Management Agency Unit 3O - 2 Other Disasters Winter Storms Winter Storms Landslides Landslides Volcanic Eruptions Volcanic Eruptions Wildfires Wildfires Man-Made Hazards/Terrorism Man-Made Hazards/Terrorism

Federal Emergency Management Agency Unit 3O - 3 Winter Storm Hazards Snow Snow Wind Wind Ice Ice Damaged Facilities – Utility systems most impacted

Federal Emergency Management Agency Unit 3O - 4 Winter Storm Mitigation Mitigation for utility systems: Trim trees near power lines Trim trees near power lines Add poles to reduce catenary Add poles to reduce catenary Insulate pipes Insulate pipes Bury lines - most expensive Bury lines - most expensive

Federal Emergency Management Agency Unit 3O - 5 Landslide Hazards Landslides Landslides Mudflows Mudflows Lateral Spreads Lateral Spreads Falls or Topples Falls or Topples Damaged Facilities – utility systems most impacted

Federal Emergency Management Agency Unit 3O - 6 Landslide Mitigation Mitigation for utility systems: Relocate utility lines Relocate utility lines Drain saturated slopes Drain saturated slopes Stabilize oversteep slopes Stabilize oversteep slopes

Federal Emergency Management Agency Unit 3O - 7 Volcanic Eruption Hazards Tephra Tephra Volcanic Gases Volcanic Gases Lava Flows Lava Flows Pyroclastic Flows Pyroclastic Flows Landslides Landslides Lahars Lahars

Federal Emergency Management Agency Unit 3O - 8 Volcanic Eruption Mitigation Damaged Facilities – roads, bridges and utilities most impacted Volcano Mitigation – few options Strengthen roofs against ash loads Strengthen roofs against ash loads Retrofit air intakes on emergency vehicles Retrofit air intakes on emergency vehicles Channels or retention systems Channels or retention systems

Federal Emergency Management Agency Unit 3O - 9 Wildfire Hazards Fire, with potential secondary hazards: Erosion Erosion Landslides Landslides Mudflows Mudflows Floods Floods Damaged Facilities – buildings and infrastructure

Federal Emergency Management Agency Unit 3O - 10 Wildfire Mitigation Mitigation for buildings, infrastructure: Fire management Fire management Fire-safe landscaping Fire-safe landscaping Fire-resistant materials Fire-resistant materials

Federal Emergency Management Agency Unit 3O - 11 Man-Made Hazards/Terrorism Explosion & fire Explosion & fire CBR attacks CBR attacks Nuclear attack Nuclear attack Other events Other events Facilities Most Impacted – high- profile buildings, infrastructure

Federal Emergency Management Agency Unit 3O - 12 Man-Made Hazards/Terrorism Mitigation for high-profile facilities: Vehicle barriers and setbacks Vehicle barriers and setbacks Improve blast/fire resistance Improve blast/fire resistance Protect HVAC systems Protect HVAC systems