Chapter 1 Section 3 Scientific Processes

What you need to know… (“objectives”) The stages common to scientific investigation Hypothesis Vs Prediction Control group Vs Experimental Independent variable Vs Dependent

Stages of Scientific Investigation There is no one “method” Common stages: –C–Collecting observations –A–Asking questions –F–Forming hypotheses –M–Making predictions –C–Confirming predictions –D–Drawing conclusions

A situation arises… Use “scientific” investigation a aa anywhere Situation  You show up to study hall and no one in your class is in the room… –W–What do you do next? Observe (no one is here) Questions (where the heck is everyone!, where am I supposed to be?) Hypothesis (If there is no one in study hall, than it is lab day and I forgot) Prediction (The class is in the lab room for lab day) Confirm prediction (I went to lab class, everyone is there!) Draw conclusion (I have forgotten to go to lab for 2 weeks now

THE STAGES

Asking Questions If you know something really well, you know when something is wrong… –When you friend looks or sounds different –When you are sick knowThis is how scientists know to ask certain questions –Study a certain topic really well to fully understand it first Questions are asked to identify the problem.

Asking questions The “right” questions –What is on each side of the cube? –What is the pattern on the cube? –What is on the bottom of the cube? But now you need evidence to support to deny this

Collecting Observations Use your senses –What you see –What you hear –What you smell –What you taste –What you feel

Hypothesis Vs Predictions Hypothesis  explanation that might be true and can be tested based off of what you already know The pattern appears to be that the numbers increase by one. Prediction  the expected outcome of a test, assuming the hypothesis is correct. If I lift the cube there will be a 6 on the bottom.

Another Example Hypothesis: Hypothesis: The warmer the weather the more ice cream the ice cream man will sell. Prediction: Prediction: If the temperature reaches 100 degrees the ice cream man will sell over 200 ice creams.

Experiment Done to prove or disprove your prediction and to support or deny your hypothesis In an experiment you have: –C–Control group - group with no experimental treatment; ideal conditions –I–Independent variable - what you are changing –D–Dependent variable – what you measure

Gathering Data Organize your data to make it easier to interpret. –C–Charts –G–Graphs –P–Pictures Need multiple experiments to get reliable data.

Drawing Conclusions Does the data support or reject the hypothesis? –Hypothesis can not be proven –Predictions can be proven

Scientific Explanations Theory  a set of related hypotheses that have been tested and confirmed many times by many scientists. –N–Need to use both the accepted and rejected hypotheses –C–Carry out many experiments –I–Is NOT absolute! But is accepted in the scientific communty as a truth (principle)

Activity! Yay!  Count the number of times you breathe normally in 1 minute  Record number  How do you think exercise will affect this number?  Write down how many breaths you think you will take after 1 min of jumping jacks  Do the jumping jacks for 1 min  Breath for 1 min  Record the number of breaths  Compare number to first number  Connection b/w exercise and breathing?