Cardiovascular System (heart)(blood vessels) Structures and functions.

Functions Transports blood to the heart and lungs, back to the heart and all other body parts. Transports nutrients, oxygen, and hormones. Removes waste Provides immunity through antibodies Maintains body temp and electrolyte balance. (sodium,potassium,calcium )

The Heart The heart has four chambers Atria – the top two pumping chambers of the heart Ventricles- the bottom two pumping chambers of the heart. It is an automatic muscle (cardiac). Its beats bpm’s per minute. Located within the mediastinum.

Heart valves Tricuspid valve- controls the opening between the right atrium and the right ventricle. Pulmonary semi lunar valve- between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. Mitral- also know as the bicuspid or MV. It is located between the left atrium and left ventricle. Aortic valve- between the left ventricle and the aorta. Heart valves control the direction of blood flow

Structures of the heart Sinoatrial (Sanode)- Found in the right atrium. Is the natural pacemaker of the heart. The SA node establishes the basic rhythm of the heartbeat. The impulses start each wave of the muscle contraction of the heart. This contraction forces blood into the ventricles. Pacemaker of the heart

Septum Divides the heart into right and left halves.

The 3 layers of the heart Epicardium-m the external layer of the heart and is part of the inner layer of the pericardial sac. Myocardium- the middle and thickest of the three layers, consists of the cardiac muscle. Contracts to pump blood. Endocardium- the lining of the heart, forms the inner surface that comes in direct contact with blood being pumped through the heart.

Pericardial sac The pericardial sac surrounds the heart. It contains pericardial fluid that prevents friction when the heart beats

Blood vessels Arteries- carries oxygenated blood to the body. The Aorta is the largest artery. They have three muscular layers. These layers strengthen the artery, allowing them to receive blood being pumped from the heart. Pulses can ONLY BE FELT in an artery. Pulse: rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery produced by the pressure of blood moving though an artery.

Blood vessels Veins: these vessels carry blood back to the heart. They carry deoxygenated blood. Capillaries: these are the smallest ( microscopic) blood vessels. They are only one cell in thickness. They connect the arteries and the veins. Oxygen exchange occurs in these vessels.

Pulse sites Radial- most commonly used. Found in the wrist. Carotid- found in the neck. Brachial- right above the crease in the elbow. Temporal- sides of the head Pedal- top of foot Popliteal- behind the knee Apical – located at the apex of the heart.

Blood Pressure Blood pressure: measurement of the amount of pressure exerted againsr t the walls of the vessels. Systolic pressure: occurs when the ventricles contract. It is the highest pressure against the walls of blood vessels. 120/80

Blood Pressure Diastolic pressure: occurs when the ventricles are relaxed. It is the lowest pressure against the walls of a blood vessel. 120/80

Key word parts Angi/o Aort/o Arteri/o Ather/o -graphyphleb/o Cardi/otachy- Coron/o Ven/othromb/o

KEY MEDICAL TERMS Aneurysm- Atherectomy- Arteriosclerosis- Angiitis Angiography- Cardiomegaly-

KEY MEDICAL TERMS Angiospasm- Angiostenosis- Myocardial infarction- Hypertension- Auscultation- Cardiac arrest-

KEY MEDICAL TERMS Endocarditis Coronary- Bradycardia- Tachycardia- Palpitations- Valvulitis- Phlebitis-