Homework Log Chapter 7 Pages 117 - 127 Section review page 119 due 12/1 Section review page 125 due 12/2 Section review page 127 due 12/3 Week 16 warm ups 12/4 Vocabulary page 128 due 12/7 Extra credit review pages 128-129 due 12/11 (must write questions and the answer to get credit) Chapter 7 test 12/11 Week 17 warm ups 12/11

What will I learn Today I will be able to describe the formation of magma and the movement of magma. Homework Chapter 7 vocabulary ; define and 1 fact( due Friday) Study for Vocab quiz for Friday 4/26/2017

Chapter 7 Vocabulary Aa Caldera Cinder cone Composite volcano Crater Felsic lava Fissure Hot spot Lapilli Lava Mafic lava Magma Pahoehoe Pillow lava Pyroclastic material Shield volcano Stratovolcano Vent Volcanic ash Volcanic block Volcanic bomb Volcanic dust Volcanism Volcano 4/26/2017

Chapter 7 standards Students know there are two kinds of volcanoes: one kind with violent eruptions producing steep slopes and the other kind with voluminous lava flows producing gentle slopes. * Students know the explanation for the location and properties of volcanoes that are due to hot spots and the explanation for those that are due to subduction. 4/26/2017

Essential questions 7.1 Describe the formation and movement of magma Define Volcanism List three locations where volcanism occurs 4/26/2017

Describe the formation and movement of magma Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics How do scientists determine the temperatures inside the earth? Seismic waves, near surface and surface heat flows and computer models What does figure 7-1 tell you about the earth’s interior? It shows how temperature and pressure increase as you move towards the core. How does magma form and what is magma? Is a rapid flow of high pressure materials to a low pressure with no decrease in temperatures, the addition of water can increase the speed of these flows 4/26/2017

Define Volcanism Volcanism What is volcanism? How does magma flow? The movement of magma towards or onto the surface How does magma flow? It moves in bubbles of molten rock the flow towards the surface until the pressure equalizes or the materials cool. What does it mean when magma breaks the surface? When magma breaks the surface it is a volcanic eruption and the magma is called lava. 4/26/2017

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List three locations where volcanism occurs Major Volcanic Zones Where are these zones? Subduction Zones, Divergent Zones and hot spots Subduction Zones How does a volcano form in this zone? As the plate moves under, water and pressure cause the plates to heat up. Melting some of the rock and allowing it to rise, if it reaches the surface a volcano forms How does an island arch form and evolve? The inland arch forms on the inside edge of the plate above the subduction zone, a fast moving plate will allow many islands to form. 4/26/2017

List three locations where volcanism occurs Mid-Ocean Ridges How does magma form at these boundaries? As the plates pull apart a low pressure zone forms pulling liquid rock from the mantel to the surface. Do we notice or not notice these eruptions, explain. These go mainly unnoticed since that happen under the oceans, only in Iceland is it visible Hot Spots What is a hot spot? A place where material from the earths mantle has burned a whole through the crust What does figure 7-3 show? A volcano forming and moving off the hot spot, to allow a new volcano to form. 4/26/2017

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Essential Question 7.2 Summarize the relationship between lava types and the force of volcanic eruptions. Describe the major types of pyroclastic materials Identify the three main types of volcanic cones Summarize the events that may signal a volcanic eruption 4/26/2017

Video Links South Pacific South America Iceland What are some features that you noticed about the eruption? South America Did this eruption have anything in common with the south pacific eruption? Iceland Was there anything different about this eruption? Volcanoes – Mountains of Fire 10 Facts on the video, be ready to share Volcanoes 2 10 facts you found interesting from the video, be ready to share 4/26/2017

Summarize the relationship between lava types and the force of volcanic eruptions. How do scientists determine the types of lava? Name and describe them. Chemical analysis of the rock. Two types; Mafic and Felsic What types of materials form when lava cools and how would you describe them? mafic is dark in color and rich in magnesium and iron, felsic is lighter in color with silica and more common on continental volcanoes What happens when lava flows into Ocean? It can be explosive due to rapid cooling and can form pillow lava 4/26/2017

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Summarize the relationship between lava types and the force of volcanic eruptions Kinds of Eruptions How do oceanic volcanoes erupt and why? A mafic eruption, which is very hot and flows easily and normally a quite eruption, due to lack of trapped gasses How do continental volcanoes erupt and why? A felsic eruption, cooler and thicker and tend to be an explosive eruption, due to large amounts of trapped gasses. 4/26/2017

Describe the major types of pyroclastic materials Volcanic Rock Fragments What type of lava flow produces pyroclastic materials? Mafic lava flows quietly, but Felsic lava is explosive and at time throws material into the air. Pyroclastic What are the parts of pyroclastic materials and describe them? Volcanic ash – materials less than 2mm; worldwide Volcanic dust – materials less than 0.25mm; same Lapilli – materials less than 64mm – fall near vent Volcanic bombs – red hot lava that cools in the air Volcanic blocks – solid rock blasted from the fissure, can be as big as a house 4/26/2017

Identify the three main types of volcanic cones . Volcanic Features A build up of volcanic materials around a vent are called. Volcanic cone Types of Volcanoes List and describe the three types of Volcanoes. Shield – Mafic Lava, broad gentle slopes, cover large area Cinder – explosive eruptions (felsic), build up of materials form steep slopes Composite or Stratovolcano – have both quiet and explosive eruptions, layers of lava and pyroclastic materials, form tall mountains 4/26/2017

Identify the three main types of volcanic cones Craters and Calderas What is the difference between a crater and calderas? Craters – a funnel shaped pit at the top of the volcanic vent. Become wider over time as materials fall back into the vent. Calderas – when a magma chamber is emptied the volcanic cone may collapse, forming a basin shaped depression 4/26/2017

Summarize the events that may signal a volcanic eruption Predicting Volcanic Eruptions What are some of the methods used to predict eruptions? Seismographs – detect small earthquakes that proceed an eruption Bulging of the volcano surface – caused by magma moving up the vent History of the volcano What are some of the problems in predicting eruptions? Only a few volcanoes have been studied long enough 4/26/2017

Essential Questions 7.3 Summarize the evidence for extraterrestrial volcanism Explain the difference between volcanism on Earth and on Io 4/26/2017

Chapter 7 Section 3 page 126 Extraterrestrial Volcanism The Moon One-What moon is volcanically more active then earth? Two- are other worlds geologically dead? The Moon One-volcanically active? Two-what caused magma formation? One - IO Two – no research of other worlds shows volcanic activity One two 4/26/2017

Chapter 7 Section 3 page 126 - 127 Mars Io One Two two One Two 4/26/2017