ORL-HNS Training and Physicians in Finland Prof. Antti Mäkitie and Doc. Heikki Irjala (and Prof. Heikki Löppönen) UEMS ORL Section Amsterdam 2015

Physicians in the Nordic Countries Working group within the Medical Associations in the Nordic Countries

Physicians in the Nordic Countries Working group within the Medical Associations in the Nordic Countries

Physicians in the Nordic Countries

Physicians in the Nordic Countries Working group within the Medical Associations in the Nordic Countries

Physicians in the Nordic Countries Working group within the Medical Associations in the Nordic Countries

Physicians in the Nordic Countries Working group within the Medical Associations in the Nordic Countries

Active ENT Specialists 2014 (Active and/or under age of retirement, and living/working in the country) Denmark 342 (2012) Finland 337 Iceland 22 Norway 323 Sweden 614 (Only members of the Swedish Medical Association)

Number of ENT specialists in Finland 325 (year 2014) (Estimated 2030: 325) Male 201 – Female 124 65% work in hospitals, 25% private, 10% university and administration 2.7% of all positions at hospitals unfilled (2013) 83% had private sector occupation 25% - main occupation 58% - secondary occupation Nykyisillä koulutusmäärillä (ja 750 opiskelijan sisäänotolla) erikoislääkärimäärä Suomessa ylipäätään lisääntyy v. 2030 mennessä 1000 lääkärillä (+8 %)

Immigration (2015) 17 specialists have moved abroad 2-5 specialists have foreign background

Directive 2005/36/EC Applicability Doctors who have completed their medical qualification in an EU/EEA member state and who are EU/EEA citizens are licensed in accordance with the European directive 2005/36/EC. All doctors working in Finland must be able to speak either Finnish or Swedish. Finland is officially a bilingual country and some 5% of the population speaks Swedish as their first language.

General aspects of specialist training in Finland Administered until 1960 by the Finnish Medical Association National Board of Health (under the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health) administered 1960 – 1985 Since 1986 as postgraduate training by the medical faculties (Univ.) Governed by the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health 2015- National coordination rather minimal University degree since 1986 (this is rather exceptional internationally) Olematon kansallinen koordinaatio. Eri erikoisalojen koulutustarpeen valtakunnallisesta suunnittelusta ei vastaa mikään taho. Erikoislääkärikoulutuksen valtakunnallinen neuvottelutilaisuus on hyödyllinen koordinaatioelin, mutta sillä ei ole virallista asemaa. Ministry of Social Affairs and Health has money that is given to hospitals and health centres as compensation for expenses caused by medical education and research.

Facts about ENT training Duration: 5 years (30 months at Univ. Hosp.) Theoretical education: 60 hours, hours of which training in administration and leadership Educational courses: 7 x 2 days available “Exit Exam”: yes, a written anonymous national examination usually during the last year of training Duration: Croatia 5y Denmark 6y Estonia 3y Finland 6y Greece 5y Hungary 5y Ireland 6y Italy 5y Netherlands 5y Norway 5y Sweden 5y Theoretical: Croatia 472 lectures/358 seminars, 100 practicals Denmark 4-8 hours / week Estonia 2-3 hours / week Finland 60 hours – 3 study weeks Greece natl. e-learning/ month, variable Hungary 8 weeks Ireland not split from practical Italy 1600 hours of theoretical education Netherlands 4 hours / week Norway 2 hours teaching/4 hours self-study/week Sweden 2 hours / week

Textbooks / Journals Cummings G.W. (Ed.): Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Vol 1-4 (Elsevier Mosby) Gleeson M (Ed.): Scott-Brown's Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery vol. 1-3 (Hodder Arnold) 2. Jauhiainen T. ym.: Audiologia (Duodecim) Clinical Otolaryngology JAMA Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery Laryngoscope Eur Arch ORL Head & Neck Acta Otolaryngologica Duodecim Journal of the Finnish Medical Association