The Periodic Table of the Elements

Learning Goals  To be able to describe properties of the periodic table

The Modern Periodic Table  The periodic table is an organized arrangement of all the elements that explains and predicts their physical and chemical properties  The main information about an element includes:  Atomic number  Name  Symbol  Atomic Mass

The Modern Periodic Table  Elements are arranged according to their atomic number  When elements are arranged according to their atomic number, a pattern can be seen in which similar properties occur

Chemical Symbols  Each element has its own symbol  The first letter of every chemical symbol is a capital letter, e.g. N for nitrogen  If there is a second letter, it is a lowercase letter, e.g. He for helium  Symbols are often the first or first and second letter in the element’s name  Some symbols come from the Latin name for the element N He

Chemical Symbols Element Name Chemical Symbol Latin NameMeaning of Name silverAgargentumLatin for “silver” copperCucuprum Latin for “Cyprian” (metal from the island Cyprus) ironFeferrumLatin for “grey” mercuryHghydrargyrumLatin for “liquid silver” potassiumKkalium Latin for an Arabic word, al- qalyah, meaning “plant ashes” sodiumNanatriumLatin for “sodium” leadPbplumbumLatin for “lead” tinSnstannumLatin for “tin”

Trends in the Periodic Table  With a few exceptions, atomic numbers are in the same order as atomic masses  The lightest elements have the lowest atomic numbers and the heaviest elements have the highest atomic numbers HHe LiBeBCNOFNe 3 NaMgAlSiPSClAr KCaScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr 5 RbSrYZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXe 6 CsBa*LuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRn 7 FrRa**LrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgUubUutUuqUupUuhUusUuo Lightest Heaviest

Metals and Non-Metals  The periodic table includes a staircase line separating metals from non-metals  Metals are on the left side  Non-metals are on the right side  Hydrogen is an exception  Elements along the staircase line are metalloids 18 He BCNOFNe AlSiPSClAr GaGeAsSeBrKr InSnSbTeIXe TlPbBiPoAtRn HHe LiBeBCNOFNe 3 NaMgAlSiPSClAr KCaScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr 5 RbSrYZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXe 6 CsBaLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRn Metals Non-Metals Metalloids Hydrogen

Periods  The horizontal rows across the periodic table are called periods  There are 7 periods Periods HHe LiBeBCNOFNe 3 NaMgAlSiPSClAr KCaScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr 5 RbSrYZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXe 6 CsBaLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRn

Groups or Families  The vertical columns down the periodic table are called groups or families  Elements in the same group have many similar properties HHe LiBeBCNOFNe 3 NaMgAlSiPSClAr KCaScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr 5 RbSrYZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXe 6 CsBaLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRn Groups

Success Criteria  I CAN locate the periods and groups within the periodic table

To Do…  Element Names and Symbols  Observing the Elements  Exploring the Periodic Table  Element Poster (after quiz tomorrow)