Chapter 1 Sponges, Cnidarians, & Worms

Section 1 What is an Animal?

Characteristics of Animals All are: multicellular & eat other organisms to obtain energy Most: Reproduce sexually & can move from place to place Term to know: Species: group of organisms that can mate with each other & produce fertile offspring

- What Is an Animal? Structure of Animals The cells of most animals are organized into higher levels of structure, including tissues, organs, and systems.

How they obtain food Terms to know Heterotroph: can NOT make their own food; must obtain food by eating other organisms (ALL animals) Food taken in through some cavity Autotroph: organism that makes its own food (ex. Plants)

Reproduction Sexual reproduction: new organism formed from joining of 2 sex cells Characteristics of both parents (unique) Fertilization: joining of egg & sperm cells Asexual reproduction: single organism produces a new organism identical to itself -Parent may divide or buds may grow off Ex. Hydra

Movement For: obtaining food, reproducing, escaping danger Some are sedentary (do not move), but may have moved at some point Ex. Oysters, barnacles, sponges, coral

Animal Needs 1. Water 2. Food 3. Oxygen All obtained from environment Term to know: Adaptation: characteristic that helps organisms survive in its environment & reproduce

Adaptations for obtaining food Herbivores: eat ONLY plants Ex. Grasshoppers, termites, cows Teeth are broad & flat for grinding Carnivores: eat ONLY other animals Predators-hunt & kill other animals (prey) Teeth sharp, pointed for cutting/stabbing May adapt through-speed, good hearing, or even camouflage Omnivore: Eat both plants & animals Ex. Humans & bears

Adaptations for escaping predators “Playing dead” Stingers Claws Bitter taste Smelly sprays

Classification of Animals This branching tree shows how the major animal groups are related.

Classification 35 phylum: major groupings Based on: Body Structure-what they look like Embryology-what they looked like early on DNA-chemical in cells that controls organisms inherited traits Backbone (Vertebrate) vs. No backbone (Invertebrate)

Click the Video button to watch a movie about the animal kingdom. - What Is an Animal? The Animal Kingdom Click the Video button to watch a movie about the animal kingdom.

Click the Video button to watch a movie about invertebrates. - What Is an Animal? Invertebrates Click the Video button to watch a movie about invertebrates.