Vocabulary

1) Détente- The easing of strained relations (US and USSR) 2)Ronald Reagan- President of the United States who helped end the Cold War 3) Politburo- Ruling Committee for the Communist Party 4) Glasnost- Policy of Openness and loosening of totalitarian control in the Soviet Union under Gorbachev 5) Mikhail Gorbachev-Soviet Premier who initiated the reform movements of Glasnost and Perestroika

6) Perestroika- series of economic and political reforms instituted by Gorbachev in the Soviet Union 7) Boris Yeltsin- the first directly elected President of the newly established Russian 8) CIS- loose federation of former Soviet territories 9) Shock therapy- bold plan by Yeltsin to introduce free-market economics to the Russian Federation 10) Chechnya – a largely Muslim area of Russian that fought against Russia for their independence 11) Solidarity-Social movement in Poland that used civil resistance to bring about social and political change

12) Lech Walesa- Leader of the Polish Solidarity Movement 13) Reunification- the Merging of the Democratic West Germany and Communist East Germany 14) Helmut Kohl- Chancellor of the newly reunified Germany 15) Ethnic cleansing- the extermination of a certain religious or ethnic group 16) Slobodan Milosevic- President of Serbia that was convicted of war crimes due to the Kosovo rebellion 17) Kosovo- region of Serbia made up of ethnic Albanians

18) Deng Xiaoping- Chinese ruler that adopted Capitalist ideas to reform the economy of Communist China 19) Four Modernizations- Reform movement that incorporated Capitalist ideals in Communist China 20) Tiananmen Square- Public area in Beijing, China where a Chinese student protest was staged 21) Genetic Engineering- Direct human manipulation of an organism's genetic code using modern DNA technology

22) Green Revolution- Agricultural campaign to increase food production worldwide by using modern techniques 23) Sustainable Growth- Meeting current economic needs while preserving the environment and conserving resources for future generation 24) Ozone layer- layer of the atmosphere that protects the Earth from the Sun’s damaging ultraviolent rays 25)Nuclear Proliferation- Spread of Nuclear weapons or technology to other countries 26) SALT Treaty- Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty that limited the amount of nuclear weapons

27) Free Trade- the elimination of trade barriers 28) Global Economy-Financial interactions that cross international borders 29) Universal Declaration of Human Rights- Human Rights standards set by the United Nations