Section 5 Alexander the Great Hellenistic Period Chapter 4 Section 5 Alexander the Great Hellenistic Period

Phillip II 359 B.C. Phillip II becomes king of Macedonia Admired Greek Culture Defeated the Greek city-states Unification of Greece 338 B.C. Phillip II is assassinated at his daughters wedding in 336 B.C.

Alexander the Great 20 years old at the death of his father and becomes King of Macedonia and Greece Alexander invades Asia / Persia 334 B.C. Invasion lasts for 8 years and covers 20,000 miles 37,000 men and as many support people His empire now stretched from Greece to India Built the City of Alexandria as the Greek capital of Egypt Tutor was/aristotle-taught all science,geography, literature, and stories of HEROIC DEEDS Also trained in the art of war/ ride a horse use weapons, weapons, command troops, lead troops campaign War with Persians/Alexander won/ 1/3 of their empire and daughters hand in marriage Eventually takes over enitre persians empire vitc at gaugamela Alexander decides t go into asia also Only ruled for 12 years 8 months, built many roads and great cities

End of the Empire Death at Early Age Power Struggle Alexander’s empire largest world had ever seen Did not rule very long 323 BC, Alexander fell ill while in Babylon Died a few days later at age 33 Alexander died without naming heir Death at Early Age Generals fought each other for power In the end, the empire was divided among three most powerful generals Called themselves kings Antigonus became king of Macedonia and Greece Seleucus ruled Persian Empire Ptolemy ruled Egypt Power Struggle

Alexander the Great Defeated - the Persian Darius II Controlled all of the Persian Empire

Hellenistic Period Alexander’s legacy – Alexander and his successors spread Greek language, art, literature, and architecture throughout Western Asia and North Africa Considerable increase in the knowledge of art, philosophy, math and the sciences Alexandria became the center of knowledge and a had large library of 500,000 scrolls Athens remained the center of Greek theatre

Hellenism - Hellenistic Advances in Science Euclid wrote the “Elements” a text on plane geometry Archimedes worked on the geometry of spheres and cylinders and developed the constant “pi” also devised the Archimedes screw

Hellenistic Achievements and Beliefs Astronomy/Geography Eratosthenes – astronomer theorized the earth was round and calculated the circumference to be 24,675 miles (within 185 miles of the actual) Mathematics/Physics Value of Pi, steam engine, levers Art of Sculptures Colossus of Rhodes Great societies have great achievements/ sun 300 times as large as earth estimate/ it is even bigger than that Idea that sun is the center of solar system and we orbit around it Most didn’t believe said that the earth was the center of the universe. 4. Computed the earths circumference 25000 miles MATHMATICS/PHYSICS- VALUE OF PI ratio of the circumference to a circle to its diameter a. idea of levers to move very large things we use all the time today “Give me a place to stand and I can move the earth” Advances: force pump, pneumatic machines, steam engine Didn’t use because had many slaves no need for these crazy idea SCULPTURE a. Colossus of rhodes- could have also served as a lighthouse, a 105 foot bronze statue/ shows imporvement of buidling also, earthquake ruined it,

Colossus of Rhodes One of the Seven Wonders of the World On the island of Rhodes

Philosophy What is Stoicism and What did they believe? Answer: A school of thought (philosophy) developed by the teacher Zeno in Hellenistic Athens. It says that happiness can be achieved only when people gain inner peace by living in harmony with the will of God That people should bear whatever life offers The real “stoic” is a perfect citizen