ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

functions to produce human offspring with the - male providing sperm (produced within testes) -female providing the ovum (produced within ovaries)

IMPORTANT TERMS Mitosis  part of cell cycle which leads to two identical cells with same number of chromosomes in each Meiosis  specialized cell division which reduces the chromosome number in half Reproductive cells  gametes

MEIOSIS Only occurs in the testes of males during sperm production Only occurs in ovaries of female during egg production cells go from 46 chromosomes (diploid)  23 chromosomes (haploid)

MEIOSIS IN ADULTS Fertilization= fusion of gametes Zygote= sperm+ egg FrVmDgh4v4 XsCngh89fI

THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Primary Sex Organs Testis (held within the scrotum)  Produce the sperm  Produce male sex hormones (androgens)  Lie outside of male abdominal cavity  Testis divided into lobules; each lobule contains seminiferous tubules

SPERMATOGENESIS

THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM- ACCESSORY ORGANS Epididymus - ducts where sperm mature and some sperm stored Vas deferens – (contained within spermatic cord); transport and store sperm Seminal vesicles – contribute nutrients and fluid to semen; produce prostaglandins and fructose Ejaculatory duct – transport sperm Prostate gland – contributes basic fluid to semen Urethra – transport sperm Bulbourethral glands – produce mucoid fluid that neutralizes urine v=icSZrxu0hDI 66sAZH1VA8

MALE ACCESSORY SEX ORGANS

ANATOMY OF A SPERM

MORE ABOUT SPERM -Takes 74 days or about 10 weeks for sperm to be produced and fully mature for ejaculation -Sperm mature in epididymus -Sperm can be stored in male body for approximately 3 weeks after they are matured

VASECTOMY Surgical procedure for male sterilization Vas deferens are cut and sealed/tied off to prevent sperm from traveling which eventually prevents fertilization ~30 minute procedure Vasectomy is different than castration (where testicles are removed)

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

THE EGG -During fetal development-6 million to 7 million eggs. -At birth, there are approximately 1 million eggs - by puberty, only about 300,000 remain. -only 300 to 400 will be ovulated during a woman's reproductive lifetime.

THE EGG -Egg matures due to LH (Luteinizing Hormone) surge from increased Estrogen -Day 14 of cycle is when ovulation occurs -Ovulation is when egg is released from ovary

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Corpus luteum  produces progesterone and helps thicken lining of uterus for implantation Corpus luteum survives days unless begins receiving HcG from developing embryo If egg not fertilized, then corpus luteum dies off Corpus luteum deficiency  corpus luteum doesn’t develop enough progesterone which leads to

WHEN THE SPERM MEETS THE EGG 1.Sperm approaches egg 2.Sperm acrosomal enzymes digest the eggs jelly coat 3.Proteins in sperm bind with receptors of egg 4.Plasma membranes fuse 5.Sperm nucleus enters eggs cytoplasm 6.Fertilization membrane forms 7.Nuclei fuse G2rL5Cutd4 =_5OvgQW6FG4

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Fertilization takes place in fallopian tubes Uterus  houses developing fetus Cervix contains the opening to the uterus Vagina serves as birth canal; exit for menstrual flow; receives penis during sexual intercourse

DISSECTION NOTES IN THE LAB Adapted from Whitman College

IN THE LAB  DISSECTION OF FETAL PIG

MORE ANATOMICAL LOCATION

DETERMINING THE SEX OF YOUR PIG

MaleFemale In males urogenital tract opens near umbilical region