CH 7: Ancient Greece Lesson 3 World History Mr. Rich Miami Arts Charter

Sections: Part 1: Persia’s Empire Part 2: First Persian War Part 3: Second Persian War

Section 1: Persia’s Empire Building the Empire (540 BCE) Cyrus the Great conquers Mesopotamia, Syria, Judah, and Anatolia Royal Road links heart of empire Persian Government Divided into satrapies (provinces)

Section 1: Persia’s Empire Zoroastrianism Founded by Zoroaster in 600 BCE Followers worship Ahura Mazda “Wise Lord” Duality between “good” and “evil” Question: How did Persian Rulers unite their vast empire?

Section 2: First Persian War War Begins (490 BCE) Athenians support revolt in Anatolia Revolt crushed by Darius Darius sends fleet to attack Greece Battle of Marathon 10,000 Athenian soldiers against 20,000 Persian Soldiers Athenians won’t attack Persians Persians load cavalry onto ships to attack Athens Athenian army then attacks and destroys Persian army Greek victory

The Phalanx

Section 3: Second Persian War War begins (480 BCE) Xerxes (son of Darius) swears revenge Persians send an army of 200,000 soldiers Greeks raise an army of 7,000 to defend Athens Battle of Thermopylae King Leonidas of Sparta leads Greek army Stalls the Persian army at a mountain pass Battle lasts three days Greeks betrayed by local who tells the Persians how to get around the mountains and attack the Greeks from behind

Section 3: Second Persian War Athens attacked Persian army marches to Athens Themistocles ordered city abandoned Takes fleet of ships to island of Salamis Athens is burned by Persians Battle of Salamis Greeks lure Persian fleet to the island of Salamis Persians move large fleet up a narrow straight Smaller Greek fleet of triremes destroys Persian fleet Xerxes flees back to Persia

Greek Triremes

Section 3: Second Persian War Persian Defeat Greek army fights remaining Persian army at Plataea (479 BCE) Persians defeated - peace eventually declared in 449 BCE Persia never fully recovers from war and begins a slow decline Question: After the losses in Greece, why did the Persians grow unhappy with their government?