E MESE MAKÓ, PhD Associate professor Department of Transport Infrastructure Szechenyi Istvan University, Gyor, Hungary Evaluation of Human Behaviour at Pedestrian Crossings

1.Introduction 2.Traffic safety of pedestrians 3.Accident analysis of pedestrian crossings before and after implementation of road safety measures 4.Site survey of irregular crossing manoeuvres 5.Site survey of delay time and waiting time at pedestrian crossings 6.Conclusions 2 Content Evaluation of Human Behaviour at Pedestrian Crossings

Human Vehicle Infrastructure 3 1. Road safety Evaluation of Human Behaviour at Pedestrian Crossings

Target: EU Road Safety Policy Orientations reducing road deaths by another 50% by 2020, compared to 2010 levels Hungary - 49% (2012 Road Safety PIN Award) Vulnerable road users: the number of pedestrian and cyclist fatalities reduced only by a third 4 2. Traffic safety of pedestrians Evaluation of Human Behaviour at Pedestrian Crossings

fatal road accidents happened at crosswalks. Fatal accidents at designated pedestrian crossings: drivers cause 56%, pedestrians cause 44% 5 Hungary: pedestrian related accidents Evaluation of Human Behaviour at Pedestrian Crossings

6 Main causes of pedestrian fatalities at designated pedestrian crossings Hungary, Evaluation of Human Behaviour at Pedestrian Crossings

7 Main causes of pedestrian fatalities at designated pedestrian crossings when pedestrians are at fault Hungary, Evaluation of Human Behaviour at Pedestrian Crossings

Goal: Evaluate the safety effect of road measures before and after implementation of road safety measures Study area: city of Gyor and its road network 49 locations: 10 traffic lights, 22 roundabouts, 17 median/refuge islands 8 3. Accident analysis of pedestrian crossings before and after implementation of road safety measures Evaluation of Human Behaviour at Pedestrian Crossings Population:

9 3. Reduction of the number of fatal accidents after the implementation of road safety measures Evaluation of Human Behaviour at Pedestrian Crossings Type of crossing All accidents Pedestrian accidents Traffic light-37%-75% Roundabout-24%-85% Refuge island-42%-64%

Goal: to observe the human behaviour at pedestrian crossing, to assess the irregular crossing manoeuvres of the drivers and the pedestrians. Tool: site survey 83 locations of designated pedestrian crossings All regular and irregular movements of drivers and pedestrians were registered within 30 minutes in peak hours Site survey of irregular crossing manoeuvres Evaluation of Human Behaviour at Pedestrian Crossings

Five groups of locations 23 crossings without refuge islands, 10 crossings with refuge islands, 10 crossings with refuge islands and flashing yellow lights, 17 crossings at traffic light controlled junction legs, 23 crossings at roundabout legs. Typical irregular manoeuvres drivers not yielding to pedestrians or accelerating before the crossing instead of stopping pedestrians crossing at prohibited locations and running a red light were registered. 11 Irregular crossing manoeuvres Evaluation of Human Behaviour at Pedestrian Crossings

12 Share of irregular movements at crossing manoeuvres Evaluation of Human Behaviour at Pedestrian Crossings Type of pedestrian crossing Share of irregular movements of crossing manoeuvres carsbicyclesbusestruckspedestrians no refuge island8%30%27%11%15% with refuge island4%31%2%9% refuge island + flashing amber 5%19%7%2%10% traffic light3%26%6%11%10% roundabout6%29%3%7%17% Total5%27%9%8%12%

Irregular pedestrian movement crossing the road away from the zebra crossing 13 Irregular movements Evaluation of Human Behaviour at Pedestrian Crossings The share of irregular movements of car drivers is the highest at crossings without refuge islands

14 5. Site survey of delay time and waiting time at pedestrian crossings Evaluation of Human Behaviour at Pedestrian Crossings Type of pedestrian crossing Average delay time of a driver (s) Average waiting time of a pedestrian (s) no refuge island3,34,2 with refuge island1,64,3 refuge island + flashing amber2,13,1 traffic light7,18,8 roundabout3,94,9 Total3,65,1

Strong evidence for the positive safety effect of road measures especially on the number of the pedestrian related accidents. Crossings equipped with flashing amber lights, refuge islands and traffic lights require a much more appropriate behaviour from car drivers. Contribution of the human and the engineering fields is needed to obtain an even more positive change in the safety of vulnerable road users Conclusions Evaluation of Human Behaviour at Pedestrian Crossings

E MESE MAKÓ 16 Evaluation of Human Behaviour at Pedestrian Crossings