DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINIAN MEDICINE AND FARMACY IN XIII – XX CENTURY. Development of pharmacy affair in Ukraine in XVIII century.

On March 20, 1773 the governor of Lviv published out a health bill to put in an order the grant of medicine help and work of pharmacies. A patent forbaded physicians and chemists to carry out professional duties without the presence of university diplomas. Doctors lost rights to make medications for patients in cities, where pharmacies were. Once in a year a revision was conducted in every pharmacy. In the case of exposure of violations fine was imposed on a owner

A patent obligated chemists to make medications only for recipe, signed a doctor and to ratified a medical commission. It was forbiddened also to open in cities many pharmacies in order to avoid a competition. The special attention was spared to the quality of the prepared medications. In the first time, to get permission to open a pharmacy, it was necessary to go for an exam, that a competent commission accepted

At that time on Ukraine the special pharmacy establishments for preparation of pharmacist did not exist and necessary shots prepared by individual studies in large pharmacies where was from 4 to 6 students. Pharmaceutical education consisted of the 4stages: pharmacy student, helper of pharmacist, pharmacist and chemist. Studies lasted from 6 to 10 years.

In 1789 «Chemist Regulation» was developed, however the were no single word said about pharmacies, because in its drafting pharmacist did not take participation. This document act| to the beginning of XIX century. On December 23, 1836 new “Regulation” was published. It became a basic document which regulated work of pharmacies during XIX century. In 1789 pharmacy «Rate» was printed the first time on existent medicines and the cost of preparation of medications is marked (taxa la borum|). On January, a minister for internal affairs published out a circular order which obliged the workers of pharmacies to mark exact time of receipt of recipe, and on signature the exact time of making and delivery of medications.

A pharmacy which was opened as early as 1775 by military pharmacist Natorp was saved in Lviv. In 1988 on the base of age-old pharmacy the museum of farmacy was opened. It is placed in the age-old quarter of Lviv (square Market).

Pharmacies were differed with purpose and organizational structure. There were royal, public, circuitous, military, home, homoeopathic pharmacies and “drogerii” - so named pharmacy shops or shops of sanitation and hygiene.

Pharmacy apartments consisted of trading floor, laboratory, financial room, where the supplies of preparations and medical raw material were stored, basement and inspection room Home pharmacies were created in small town or in a province for the grant of doctors help. The decree of Court Office from November 3, 1800 allowed doctorsto have a home pharmacy, if in the places of their dwelling in the distance more than 1 mile was no other pharmacy.

Homoeopathic preparations was made only for recipe of doctor and only in those pharmacies whichhad right on this. Doctors which used homoeopathic facilities in the practice were not in a position to have a home pharmacy.

Development of pharmacy affair in XIX century. In 1873 government was forced to publish out «The rules of opening of pharmacies». Permission to open a pharmacy gaveout governor, it was necessary to take into account the quantity of population and quantity of operating pharmacies. So in cities one pharmacy had to serve 12 thousands of population and 30 thousands of recipes, in a province — 10 thousands of population and 15 thousands of recipes. In other settlements it was allowed to open pharmacies in the distance no less than 15 versts. In 1873 government was forced to publish out «The rules of opening of pharmacies». Permission to open a pharmacy gaveout governor, it was necessary to take into account the quantity of population and quantity of operating pharmacies. So in cities one pharmacy had to serve 12 thousands of population and 30 thousands of recipes, in a province — 10 thousands of population and 15 thousands of recipes. In other settlements it was allowed to open pharmacies in the distance no less than 15 versts.

In the west earths, influencing of Poland and Austria showed up on development of pharmacy affair. Pharmacy establishments here differed between itself by it setting and forms of organization. There were presented royal, public, rural, domestic, homoeopathic, military, monasterial pharmacy, “drogerii”. Most widespread on territory of Galichina were public pharmacies.

Pragmatic foreigners assisted development of pharmaceutical industry in Galichina. It is necessary to note the Czech businessman Peter Mikolyasha, which opened in Lvov a pharmacy «Under Star». In 1852 years at a pharmacy a pharmaceutical laboratory was organized. In a laboratory which was equipped with modern equipment highly skilled specialists worked, that allowed already in XIX century product the issue of medicines in large volumes and master the market of sale.

Only at the beginning of 1900 year P. Mikolyash was succeeded to overcome all obstacles and open a pharmaceutical firm which was adopted in honour of the founder «P. Mikolyash and Co».In 1910 a pharmaceutical factory which was symbolically named «Laokoon»

In 1921 a factory proceeds out from under jurisdiction of firm «P. Mikolyash and Co», and in 1923 became an independent joint- stock company the capital of which mades up to115 thousands zlotich. The factory of «Laokoon» consisted of such departments as: organic, galenic, patent preparations, medical plants and reagents. 100–137 workers worked on a factory in the period of the largest productivity of enterprise (1931– 1938). In 1939 the factory of «Laokoon» got a patent and prepared everything for the production of insulin.

From Lvov chempharmaceutical factory. By the general reconstruction of factory in 1970 years of XX century was completed its stage as the modern highly-mechanized specialized powerful pharmaceutical enterprise, on the base of which in 1993 the joint-stock company of «Galichfarm» was created.

History of development of medicine and farmacy of Ukraine in XX century. In the threshold of First world war 468 thousand citizens of Kyiv in the case of necessity could appeal after medications to services of 43 pharmacies, 146 pharmacy storages, chemist and perfume shops. The “Southwestern union of pharmacist”, “Pharmaceutical beneficiary association of Kyiv” and “Association of chemists of Kyiv” operated in town.

On the territory of Ukraine in 1911 there were only 873 pharmacies (530 rural and 343 in cities). In 1913 year the quantity of pharmacies was evened to 1067 (714 rural and 353 in cities).

In 1918 a decree was signed about nationalization of pharmacies In the period from 1949 to 1963 the pharmacy network of Ukraine grew on 1314 pharmacies, in that number in cities – 954 and in rural locality – 360. On beginning of 1990 year pharmacies.

I.Horbachevsky was born on May, in the village called Zarubyntsi in family of priest. Studied in Ternopil' hymnasium|.Graduated off the medical faculty of the Viennese university.

The first scientific labours of I.Horbachevsky concern mainly organic and physiology chemistry. He one of the first who had selected amino acid. First in the world synthesized urinary acid from an urea (in 1882) and amino acids from glicin.

The teaching of students in the Ternopil medical institute began on September, On January, an institute got status of medical academy by the decision of Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, and from 2004 – medical university.

In 1992 by the decision of Cabinetof Ministers of Ukraine to the TSMI was appropriated the name of academic Ivan Gorbachevsky.