Grammar

一 : V-ing 形式由 “do ＋ ing” 构成, 其否 定形式是 “not doing”, V-ing 可以带宾语 或状语构成 V-ing 短语, 没有人称和数的 变化, 但有时态和语态的变化。 Grammar V-ing 形式

语态 时态 主动语态被动语态 一般式 完成式 (not) doing (not) being done (not) having done (not) having done (not) having been done (not) having been done

V-ing 形式在句中作定语和状语是本单 元的学习重点。 1. 作定语 V-ing 形式可以单独充当名词的前置修饰 语, 这时有两种情况。 1)-ing 形式表示 “ 供作 之用 ” 的意思, 这类 作定语的 -ing 形式过去叫动名词。 A swimming pool = a pool for swimming 1. 作定语 V-ing 形式可以单独充当名词的前置修饰 语, 这时有两种情况。 1)-ing 形式表示 “ 供作 之用 ” 的意思, 这类 作定语的 -ing 形式过去叫动名词。 A swimming pool = a pool for swimming

A sleeping car = a car for sleeping 2) -ing 形式表示 “ 的 ” 意思, 过去叫 现在分词 A sleeping child working people the rising sun

-ing 形式短语作定语时一般放在它所 修饰的名词之后, 相当于一个定语从句。 如 : They are visitors coming from several countries. The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.

2. 作状语 可以表示时间, 原因, 结果, 条件, 行为 方式或伴随动作等。 2. 作状语 可以表示时间, 原因, 结果, 条件, 行为 方式或伴随动作等。 Using your head, you’ll find a good way. 条件

1) Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way. = Four people enter the room and looked around in a curious way. ( 伴随动作 ) 2) Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set. 1) Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way. = Four people enter the room and looked around in a curious way. ( 伴随动作 ) 2) Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set. ( 原因 )

3) Working hard, you’ll surely succeed. 条件 4) The boy sat in front of the farm- house, cutting the branch. 伴随 5) He came running back to tell me the news. 方式

6) (When) Hearing the news, he got frightened. = When he heard the news, he got frightened. ( 时间, 可以在分词前保留 when ) 6) (When) Hearing the news, he got frightened. = When he heard the news, he got frightened. ( 时间, 可以在分词前保留 when ) 7) The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door. 结果

Attention Please -ing 形式作状语时, 它的逻辑主语必须与主 句的主语是一致的。 Time permitting, I will pay a visit to the whole city. ( 分词的逻辑主语是 time, 而句子的主语是 I, 两者不构成主谓关系, 所以只能用独立主 格结构, 也就是给现在分词补充一个主语。 )

the British lady the Columbian the Japanesethe Canadian You see her step back appearing surprised. His nose touches Mr. Cook’s moving hand.

You see her step back appearing surprised. = You see her step back and she appears surprised.

They also express their feelings using unspoken language. =They also express their feelings by the way of using unspoken language. His nose touched Mr. Cook’s moving hand. =His nose touched Mr. Cook’s hand which is moving.

= They are visitors who come from several countries. They are visitors coming from several countries. = This is an experience which is exciting. This is an exciting experience.

1. When he approached Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her. ______ ___________ Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her. Rewrite the following sentences. When approaching 2. The person who is translating the songs can speak seven languages. The person _________ ___ ______can speak seven languages. translating the songs

3. The boy standing there is reading a book about body language. The boy ____ __ ________ there is reading a book about body language. who is standing 4. Because he comes from Jordan, he moves close to ask you a question. _______ _____ Jordan, he moves close to ask you a question. Coming from

5. She sat at the desk and did her homework. She sat at the desk ______ ____ __________. doing her homework

Using structures hold… in arms, cry, appear sad The woman holds her son in arms, crying and appearing very sad. The woman cries loudly, holding her son in arms.

box, hit on the face, move, steps The two boxing men try to hit the other on the face, moving their steps carefully.

ski, laugh, exciting Mickey and Mimi are skiing down the hill, laughing all the way. What an exciting scene it is!

dance, sing, raise arms up, amazing music Mickey and Mimi are dancing to amazing music, singing and raising their arms.

Koala Bear, carry, climb, search for food Carrying her little baby on the back, the mother Koala Bear climbs up the trees, searching for food.

1. Having not seen the film, I can’t tell you what I think of it. 2. The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay. 3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful. 4. Generally speak, facial expressions are helpful communications, too. Not having working Seeing speaking 单句改错

5. “ Can’t you read?” the man said, angrily pointed to the notice on the wall. 6. Knocking at the door before entering, please. 7. European football is played in 80 countries, made it the most popular sport in the world. pointing Knock making

1. The stranger said something in a _______ voice and the little girl was very much ________ A. frightening, frightened B. frightened, frightening C. frightening, frightening D. frightened, frightened Choose the best answer.

2. ________the piano, someone suddenly knocked at the door. A. Playing B. When I was playing C. Repairing D. Examining

3. Mother caught the boy ______ in the corner. A. smoke B. to smoke C. being smoked D. smoking

4. ______ the programme, they have to stay there for another 2 weeks.. A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed

5. “We can’t go out in this weather”, said Bob, ____ out of the window. A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked 6. Though _____ money, his parents managed to send him to university. A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in

7. The bell _______ the end of the period rang, ______ our heated discussion. A. indicating; interrupting B. indicated; interrupting C. indicating; interrupted D. indicated; interrupted

8. _______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered

9. He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting

10. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _____ the girl and took her away, ____ into the woods. A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing

11. ______in the queue of half an hour. Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited 12. The picture _____ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. Having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung

13. Generally speaking, ______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken