1. What type of religion did the Egyptians practice? 2. What was the purpose of the Egyptian pyramids? 3. Why did the Egyptians make mummies? - Write and answer the questions using your notes from last class -

 Bell Ringer  BrainPOP – Pharaohs  History and Kingdoms of Ancient Egypt  Guided Notes  Journals Through History – Video  Exit Ticket

Kingdoms

 When the land around the Nile River was first settled, people lived in small villages.  Because the natural barriers protected Egypt from invaders, the villages grew.  Eventually two separate kingdoms were formed – Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt.

 King Narmer (sometimes called Menes) wanted to unite the two kingdoms and create one bigger and stronger Egypt.  After he united the two kingdoms, Narmer combined the white crown of Upper Egypt with the red crown of Lower Egypt to symbolize his leadership over both.  Narmer is considered to be Egypt’s first pharaoh and the founder of the first Egyptian dynasty.  A dynasty is a series of rulers from the same family.

A famous artifact from around 3100 BC depicting the unification of Egypt under King Narmer..

 The history of ancient Egypt can be separated into three different time periods:  Old Kingdom  Age of the pyramids  Middle Kingdom  Time of cultural diffusion  New Kingdom  Period of power and glory

Age of Pyramids 3100 – 2180 BC

 Egyptians believed that the pharaoh was both a king and a god.  The pharaoh was the living Horus  They began to build pyramids.

2050 – 1750 BC

 Began to trade with nearby civilizations like Mesopotamia.  Learned many new things  Wheel, Cart, Plow

 The sharing of ideas between different cultures.  Two ways:  Trade  War and conquering

 Hyksos invaded and took over Egypt for 200 years.  They used horses, chariots, and advanced weapons made of bronze to conquer the Egyptians.

1570 – 1070 BC

 Egyptians did not want to be invaded again, so they increased the size of their army.  Egypt took over enormous lands and was the leading military power in the area.  Egypt became rich because of trade and the lands it conquered.  During the New Kingdom, Egypt reached the height of its power and glory.

 Flip your page over and take notes on some of the important Egyptian pharaohs!  Make a T-Chart PharaohKnown for Hatshepsut Amenhotep Tutankhamen Ramses II

 Hatshepsut helped Egypt recover after the Hyksos invasion. She increased trade and built many temples.

 Tried to change Egypt’s religion to monotheism – the worship of only one god  Aten (a version of the sun god, Ra)  Changed his name to Ahkenaten

 Ruled from age 9 to his death at 19  Most famous because his tomb was discovered full of artifacts and treasures

 Called Ramses the Great  Considered one of Egypt’s greatest rulers  Fought the Hittites for 15 years  Expanded the kingdom  Built lasting temples

 Assyrians – 681 BC  Persians – 525 BC  Alexander the Great – 332 BC  Romans – 32 BC