 Introduction to the Concepts of: ◦ Force, Energy, and Power ◦ Fundamentals of Electric Circuits

 Ice Breaker  Force, Energy, and Power  Basic Electrical Terms  Electric Circuits

 Group Activity ◦ Your teacher will assign each of you a word and you need to define it in your own words. ◦ Write down your own definition on a piece of paper. ◦ Your group can help you if you are completely lost on how to define the word. ◦ Go around the classroom and read your word and your own definition out loud.

 Energy  Power  Voltage  Fission  Physics  Current  Efficiency  Electric Circuit  Charge (Electrons)  Fusion  Series Circuit  Parallel Circuit

 Force is a push or pull that cause an object with mass to change its velocity, be accelerated. ◦ Force (N) = mass (kg) x acceleration (m/s 2 )  Energy is the fundamental ability to do work. ◦ Energy (in Joules, J) = Force (in Newtons, N) x Distance (in meters, m) ◦ 1 J = 1 N-m  Power is the rate at which energy is converted from one form to another, or transferred from one place to another. ◦ Power (W) = Energy (J)/time (s) ◦ 1 W = 1 J/s

 Potential Energy – Stored Energy & Energy of Position: ◦ Chemical Energy ◦ Mechanical Energy ◦ Nuclear Energy ◦ Gravitational Energy ◦ Electrical Energy  Kinetic Energy – Energy of Motion: ◦ Radiant Energy ◦ Thermal Energy ◦ Motion Energy ◦ Sound

 Charge is an electrical property of matter that exists because of an excess or a deficiency of electrons.  Voltage (Electric Potential Difference) is the amount of energy available to move electrons from one point to another in an electric circuit.  Current is the rate of flow of charge (electrons).

 Power is the rate of energy usage. ◦ Power (W) = Voltage (V) x Current (A) ◦ Power (W) = Energy (J) ÷ Time (s)  Load is a component (i.e. resistor, appliance) connected across the output terminals of a circuit. It draws current from the circuit.  Kilowatt-hour (kWh) is a unit of energy.

 Electric Circuit is an interconnection of components forming a network with closed loop providing a path for the current to return.

 Water  Charge  Water flow  Electric Current (Carries the Energy)  Pressure Difference  Voltage (the Energy per Charge)

 A Circuit ◦ A closed loop for water to flow continuously.  Elements in Series ◦ Connected back-to-back (Like a daisy chain)  Share a common pipe ◦ Carry the same water  Elements in Parallel ◦ Connected to same pair of pipes on both ends  Share common pair of pipes on both ends. ◦ Subjected to same pressure difference

 Same electric current through each bulb  Bulbs connected back-to-back  Voltage is divided between bulbs Series Circuit Problem:

 Parallel Circuit Avoids Series circuit Problem  Each bulb connects to same pair of wires  Same voltage across every bulb

 Series Circuit Elements ◦ Connected back-to-back ◦ Carry the same current ◦ Useful for safety and control  Parallel Circuit Elements ◦ Connected to same pair of pipes on both ends ◦ Subjected to same voltage ◦ Useful for independent elements

 Build a Series Circuit  Build a Parallel Circuit  Measure Voltage and Current  Calculate Power Supplied and Power Consumption  What is the difference between Series and Parallel Circuits, when do we need to use both?  What should we use with Solar PVs?