Legitimizing Sharia Economics through Publications Badri Munir Sukoco Department of Management, Airlangga University

Outline  Why do we need to publish our research?  How do we publish our research? 1/20/20162

Reasons for Publishing Your Work  Personal motives  Institutional motives  A field motives 1/20/20163

The Needs of Sharia Economics for being an Academic Field  Without recognition from others, members: 1. Unable to get faculty positions; 2. Unable to get the funding; 3. Unable to get journal space or conference presence; 4. Gradually reduce their efforts to develop and enrich the field. 1/20/20164

Is Sharia Economics An Academic Field?  A field exists when a substantial number of major universities designate positions for its members, grant tenure to its members, and allow its members to supervise graduate students (Hagstrom, 1965; Kuhn, 1970; Stinchcombe, 1994).  A field is developed by an informal community that form around a theory, a phenomenon, a class of problems, an ideology, a methodology, or a technology.  Members of an informal community distribute manuscripts and preprints to each other, cite each other, and strive to meet and engage in discourse at conferences (Kuhn, 1970). 1/20/20165

Factors that Contribute to the Rise of an Academic Field 1/20/20166 Source: Donald C. Hambrick and Myng-Jer Chen (2008). New Academic Fields as Admittance-Seeking Social Movements: The Case of Strategic Management. Academy of Management Review. 33(1):

Admittance-Seeking Social Movement Model  Three components of Admittance-Seeking Social Movement Model: 1. Differentiation: emerging field should differentiate from the existing field (economics, finance, etc); 2. Mobilization: members should mobilize their resources and element of collective action – political opportunity structure, shared interests, and social infrastructure; 3. Legitimacy building: develop legitimacy internally and externally by following the norms, styles, and standards of the existing fields. 1/20/20167

Examples of Visions of Existing Field  Molecular biology; holding the key to the mysteries of life (Yoxen, 1982);  Industrial psychology: science of mental life that combined the appeal of psychology’s “human engineering” and scientific management’s ideal of a “mental revolution” (Van de Water, 1997). 1/20/20168

Admittance-Seeking Social Movement Model - Mobilization  Mobilization is “the process by which a group secures collective control over the resources needed for collective action” (Jenkins, 1983: 532);  Factors that support the effectiveness of mobilization: 1. Political opportunity structure; 2. Shared interests; 3. Social infrastructure. 1/20/20169

Admittance-Seeking Social Movement Model – Legitimacy Building  A becoming field needs recognition from internal and external players;  Two ways of legitimacy building: 1. Persuasion: a field gains status by showing, through sound arguments and evidence, unique contributions to knowledge or to society (Merton, 1973); 2. Emulation: conforming to the methodological or paradigmatic conventions of more well-established fields (Cole, 1983). 1/20/201610

Legitimacy Building – Emulation  A new field (Sharia Economics) often being questioned by established fields (Economics, Marketing, etc.);  Scholars of more established fields use their general standards to assess the scientific level of the becoming field;  The best way is benchmarking: adopt their standards and at the same time differentiate themselves to the existing fields; 1/20/201611

How Do We Publish Our Research  Understand the process of publication  Understand the criteria of publication  Develop personal competences on publishing your work 1/20/201612

1/20/ Reviewing Process

Publication Criteria 1/3  The criteria of paper publication are standard across journals;  The higher reputation of particular journal, the requirements become more demanding;  Having a look on journal’s scopes and objectives is the primary gate to know their publication standards 14

Publication Criteria 2/3 15

Publication Criteria 3/3 16

1/20/ Dichotomy Evaluations MethodDecision Theory GoodBadRejected? BadGoodAccepted?

1/20/ Complex Evaluations - 1 MethodDecisions GoodBad Theory Good √ Accepted Bad

1/20/ Complex Evaluations - 2 MethodDecisions GoodBad Theory Good √ Accepted Or Rejected? Bad

1/20/ Complex Evaluations - 3 MethodDecisions GoodBad Theory GoodAccepted or Rejected? Bad √

1/20/ Complex Evaluations - 4 MethodDecisions GoodBad Theory Good Rejected Bad √

RankingConsidered as …Name of Journal 1A+Quarterly Journal of Economics 2A+Journal of Economic Literature 3A+Journal of Economic Perspectives 4A+Econometrica 5A+Journal of Political Economy 6A+Journal of Financial Economics 7AReview of Economic Studies 8AJournal of Economic Growth 9AAmerican Economic Review 10AEconomic Policy Top Journals in Economics

RankingConsidered as …Name of Journal 1A+Journal of Finance 2A+Journal of Financial Economics 3A+Journal of Accounting and Economics 4A+Review of Financial Studies 5A+Journal of Accounting Research 6AAccounting Review 7AWorld Bank Economic Review 8AAccounting Organizations and Society 9AJournal of Corporate Finance 10AReview of Accounting Studies Top Journals in Finance

RankingConsidered as …Name of Journal 1A+Journal of Marketing 2A+Journal of Consumer Research 3A+Journal of Marketing Research 4A+Marketing Science 5A+Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 6AJournal of Retailing 7AInternational Journal of Research in Marketing 8AJournal of Advertising 9APsychology and Marketing 10AJournal of Consumer Psychology Top Journals in Marketing

RankingConsidered as …Name of Journal 1A+Academy of Management Review 2A+Administrative Science Quarterly 3A+Academy of Management Journal 4A+Strategic Management Journal 5A+Journal of Applied Psychology 6AOrganization Science 7AJournal of International Business Studies 8AJournal of Organizational Behavior 9AIndustrial and Labor Relations Review 10AJournal of Management Top Journals in Management

Developing Competences on Publishing Your Research 1/3 1/20/ Get used to scientific journals  Read and understand the contents of top journals (at least 1 journal) of your research interests;  Regularly discuss with students and colleagues;  Know the trend of your interested field;  Be a member of associated community; a. Economics: American Economic Association, National Association for Business Economics b. Finance: Financial Management Association, American Finance Association, American Accounting Association c. Marketing: American Marketing Association, Advances in Consumer Research, Society for Marketing Advances d. Management: Academy of Management, Strategic Management Society, Academy of International Business  Submit your draft to their conference and voluntarily serves as reviewers;  Find mentors or potential partners in the conference;

Developing Competences on Publishing Your Research 2/3 1/20/ Find good research questions “Articles that address good questions and have something new to contribute to your friend is very important.” “Good papers result from good research, and good research starts with asking right questions.” “Your work is 50% done if you find good research questions.”

Developing Competences on Publishing Your Research 3/3 1/20/ Practice, practice, and practice  Replicate some related papers in Indonesian context;  Know the styles of your targeted journal (mission, editors, reviewer board);  Get feedbacks from your colleagues before submitting to the conference or the journal;  Proofread your paper or you will get ‘desk rejection;”  After received comments from reviewers, do not touch your paper for 2 – 3 weeks;  Fully commit to revise and resubmit your paper;  Be productive, and realize that your colleagues around the world have similar constraints like yours.

Closing Notes 1/20/  Publishing your research is the only way to support Sharia Economics as a field;  Understand the publication process is the gate to further proceed your research;  Get along with others through conferences and correspondences enhance your writing capabilities and competences;